1. Newborn – the first month

2. PHYSICAL FEATURES 3. Facial Features 9. Lanugo
a. Eyes – grayish blue or dark, swollen, red splotches on white of eye, may be cross eyed, no tears for about
3 mths.
b. Mouth – tiny jaw and chin, puffy cheeks, short tongue, dry lips.
c. Nose – short, flat to make nursing easier
d. Skin – blotchy, pink, dry and peeling, vernix, lanugo, loose and wrinkly, loose scalp, cold and blue due to poor circulation.
9. Lanugo
Fuzzy hair covering the body to keep the fetus warm and to give the vernix something to adhere to.

3. 6. Fontanels / Soft Spot Two open spaces in the baby’s skull to allow for movement during delivery and for the brain to grow. These will close together by 2 years old.
Brain can triple in the first 2 years of life

4. 19. Reflexes a. Rooting / Sucking – when cheek is
Watch these Baby Reflexes
19. Reflexes
a. Rooting / Sucking – when cheek is
stroked, baby turns head and opens mouth.
Sucking movements begin to begin eating. (helps baby find their food source)
b. Grasping or Darwinian
Palmar=Palm of hand touched and baby makes fist around it.
Plantar =Bottom of toes touched and toes curl and tighten
c. Moro (startle) – baby’s arms and legs thrown out, head falls back, and back extends
d. Tonic Neck/ Fencing – fencer arm position, one arm back and one arm extended forwards.
e. Babinski – sole of foot stroked and toes fan out
g. Walking / Step – baby held under arms will make
stepping motion.
Babinski
Rooting
Walking
Moro / startle
Palmar Grasp
Tonic Neck / Fencing

5. 11. Marks Birth Marks, Angels Kiss, Stork Bite, Mongolian Spot
5. Low Birth Weight
Born 5.5 lbs or less
8. Vernix
Cheesy, waxy substance that covers body while in womb. Sticks to the lanugo.
10. Jaundice
Yellow coloring in skin and eyes due to liver not working properly yet.
11. Marks Birth Marks, Angels Kiss, Stork Bite, Mongolian Spot
Pink spots where blood vessels broke – usually go away

6. Mongolian Spot
Stork Bite
Angels Kiss

7. 15. Swollen Genitals 4. Premature Size ( height and weight)
Born before 37 weeks
Size ( height and weight)
lbs and 19” long
Thin, wrinkly, splotchy, little body fat
15. Swollen Genitals
Out of proportion in size due to the
large amounts of mother’s hormones
7. Umbilical Cord
Cord that connected the baby to the
mother and gave the baby food
and oxygen. Will fall off in 1-3 weeks.

8. 2. Head to Body Proportions
16. Bones and Teeth
Teeth usually not seen at birth.
Bones are still rubber-like and can bend easily.
Heal bone formed after birth, knee caps form about 2 years old, and there are 3 bones in a 1yo hand and wrist - 28 in yours.
12. Sucking Blister
Callous in center of top lip
13. Milia
Pimples due to oil glands beginning to work.
Leave them alone (don’t pinch) or put a warm
towel on them. They will last about 3 weeks.
14. Cradle Cap
Dry, flaky, crusty scalp. Rub the scalp with a baby brush.
2. Head to Body Proportions
Large head – ¼ body size, Rounded chest and protruding stomach, short legs compared to arms, Pelvis and hips are narrow. Legs pulled up and bowed out. Short neck.

10. 18. Physical Abilities
a. Head and Neck Control – weak neck muscles and big heavy head so the head fall backs. Support these.
b. Motor Development – mostly reflexes at first, but soon gains control of their muscles.

11. 17. Cognitive Abilities / Senses
a. Smell – best developed sense. Knows smell of mom and mom’s milk.
Likes sweet smells (vanilla) and makes a disgusted face if not like smell.
b. Hearing – likes high pitched sounds and voices. Will turn towards parents voice.
c. Taste – natural sweet tooth-avoid sugar.
d. Touch – bond, love, feels safe and secure, communicates, improves antibodies
e. See – weak limited vision
birth. Can see 8-15” away
Sees color around 3-4 months

12. D. PROCEDURES 21. Blood Test 25. Feeding 23. Circumcision
for Anemia/PKU/Cystic Fibrosis
Done by heel prick and analyzes drops of blood
25. Feeding
Choose between formula and breast milk.
Pro’s and Con’s for both choices.
8-12x a day over 24 hours = will spend 3 hours of your day feeding. Their tiny stomachs only hold 2-3oz and they burn it off quickly so they need to eat often.
23. Circumcision
Removal of foreskin around tip of penis. Optional procedure. Done for hygiene reasons.

13. APGAR Scoring for Newborns -Tests given to test babies physical skills, ability to adapt, and chance of survival. - A score is given for each sign at one minute and five minutes after the birth. If there are problems with the baby an additional score is given at 10 minutes. - A score of 7-10 is considered normal, while 4-7 might require some resuscitative measures, and a baby with apgars of 3 and below requires immediate resuscitation.
Sign
0 Points
1 Point
2 Points A
Activity (Muscle Tone)
Absent
Arms and Legs Flexed
Active Movement P
Pulse
Below 100 bpm
Above 100 bpm G
Grimace (Reflex Irritability)
No Response
Grimace
Sneeze, cough, pulls away
Appearance (Skin Color)
Blue-gray, pale all over
Normal, except for extremities
Normal over entire body R
Respiration
Slow, irregular
Good, crying
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15. 27. Meconium 24. Sleeping 26. Bonding
First bowel movement. Black tar like
substance. Dangerous if released in womb
Will spend about 1 hr of your day changing diapers
24. Sleeping
Place baby on their back to prevent SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome).
Baby on a 4 month jet lag and will spend hours sleeping, but not all at one time. Growing and developing is tiring.
26. Bonding
Forms secure attachments, feelings of trust, safety, and strengthens the baby. Builds 5 areas of growth and development necessary for success in life.
Watch this Bonding clip

16. - Is when Oxytocin causes milk to come into the mother’s breast.
Silver Nitrate
Antiseptic put in baby’s eyes to prevent infections that might have passed from the mother during the vaginal delivery.
Ie: gonococcus
28. Let Down reflex
- Is when Oxytocin causes milk to come into the mother’s breast.
29. Who is the Pediatrician?
The doctor that cares for the
baby / child while it is growing up.
T. Berry Brazelton, M.D.