2. SIVA 1 Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering N. Sivakugan ground Duration: 13 mins

3. SIVA Copyright  2001 2 Typical Geotechnical Project construction site Geo-Laboratory ~ for testing Design Office ~ for design & analysis soil samples soil properties design details

5. SIVA Copyright  2001 4 bed rock firm ground Shallow Foundations ~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground ~ mostly for firm soils or light loads

6. SIVA Copyright  2001 Shallow Foundations

7. SIVA Copyright  2001 6 bed rock weak soil Deep Foundations PILEPILE ~ for transferring building loads to underlying ground ~ mostly for weak soils or heavy loads

8. SIVA Copyright  2001 7 Deep Foundations Driven timber piles, Pacific Highway

9. SIVA Copyright  2001 8 Pier Foundations for Bridges Cable-stayed bridge Supported on 7 piers, 342 m apart Longest pier (336) in the world Millau Viaduct in France (2005) A separate slideshow on the construction is in the bottom drawer

10. SIVA Copyright  2001 9 Pier Foundations for Bridges Millau Viaduct in France (2005)

11. SIVA Copyright  2001 10 Retaining Walls ~ for retaining soils from spreading laterally Road Train retaining wall

12. SIVA Copyright  2001 11 Earth Dams ~ for impounding water soil reservoir clay core shell

13. SIVA Copyright  2001 12 Concrete Dams reservoir soil concrete dam

14. SIVA Copyright  2001 13 Concrete Dams Three Gorges Dam, Hong Kong

15. SIVA Copyright  2001 14 Concrete Dams

16. SIVA Copyright  2001 15 Earthworks Roadwork, Pacific Highway ~ preparing the ground prior to construction

17. SIVA Copyright  2001 16 Construction hazard ~ an unwelcome visitor at an earthwork site. A dead Anaconda python (courtesy: J. Brunskill) What does it have to do with Geo?#!

18. SIVA Copyright  2001 17 Geofabrics ~ used for reinforcement, separation, filtration and drainage in roads, retaining walls, embankments… Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway

19. SIVA Copyright  2001 18 Reinforced Earth Walls ~ using geofabrics to strengthen the soil

20. SIVA Copyright  2001 19 Tunneling Chile (2006) – during my sabbatical leave MSE (Mechanically stabilised Earth) wall

21. SIVA Copyright  2001 20 Tunneling

22. SIVA Copyright  2001 21 Soil Nailing ~ steel rods placed into holes drilled into the walls and grouted

23. SIVA Copyright  2001 22 Retaining Walls Rock anchors to support the vertical walls

24. SIVA Copyright  2001 23 Sheet Piles ~ sheets of interlockingsteel or timber driven into the ground, forming a continuous sheet ship warehouse sheet pile

25. SIVA Copyright  2001 24 Sheet Piles ~ resist lateral earth pressures ~ used in excavations, waterfront structures,..

26. SIVA Copyright  2001 25 Sheet Piles ~ used in temporary works

27. SIVA Copyright  2001 26 Sheet Piles ~ interlocking sections

28. SIVA Copyright  2001 27 Cofferdam ~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in

29. SIVA Copyright  2001 28 Cofferdam ~ sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to prevent water seeping in

30. SIVA Copyright  2001 29 Landslides

31. SIVA Copyright  2001 30 Shoring propping and supporting the exposed walls to resist lateral earth pressures

32. SIVA Copyright  2001 31 Excavations Chile (2006) – during my sabbatical leave

33. SIVA Copyright  2001 32 Mining

34. SIVA Copyright  2001 33 Blasting For ore recovery in mines

35. SIVA Copyright  2001 34 Earthquake Engineering Loma Preita Earthquake, San Francisco (1989)

36. SIVA Copyright  2001 35 Ground Improvement Impact Roller to Compact the Ground

37. SIVA Copyright  2001 36 Ground Improvement Sheepsfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils

38. SIVA Copyright  2001 37 Ground Improvement Smooth-wheeled Roller

39. SIVA Copyright  2001 38 Ground Improvement Big weights dropped from 25 m, compacting the ground. Craters formed in compaction

40. SIVA Copyright  2001 39 Environmental Geomechanics Waste Disposal in Landfills

41. SIVA Copyright  2001 40 Instrumentation ~ to monitor the performances of earth and earth supported structures ~ to measure loads, pressures, deformations, strains,…

42. SIVA Copyright  2001 Soil Testing More Field Tests Standard Penetration TestVane Shear Test

43. SIVA Copyright  2001 42 Soil Testing Triaxial Test on Soil Sample in Laboratory

44. SIVA Copyright  2001 43 Soil Testing Variety of Field Testing Devices

45. SIVA Copyright  2001 44 Soil Testing Being Pushed around by my Supervisors Purdue University, USA

46. SIVA Copyright  2001 45 Typical Safety Factors Type of DesignSafety Factor Probability of Failure Earthworks1.3-1.51/500 Retaining structures 1.5-2.01/1500 Foundations2.0-3.01/5000

47. SIVA Copyright  2001 46 Some Civil Engineering marvels …. … buried right under your feet. foundations soil exploration tunneling

49. SIVA Copyright  2001 Soil Testing Cone Penetration Test Truck – Lavarach Barracks, Townsville

50. SIVA Copyright  2001 49 Dynamic Compaction JCU site visit to Townsville Port in 2003

51. SIVA Copyright  2001 50 Sheet pile at Woolcock St

52. SIVA Copyright  2001 51 Soil Nailing at Strand

53. SIVA Copyright  2001 52 JCU Dynamic cone penetration rig

54. SIVA Copyright  2001 53 JCU Dynamic cone penetration rig

55. SIVA Copyright  2001 54 Pile driving rig – Ross River Dam

56. SIVA Copyright  2001 55 Pile driving rig – Ross River Dam A pile group

57. SIVA Copyright  2001 56 Sea wall in Brisbane (2005) Courtesy: Coffey Geosciences Pty Ltd.

58. Great Contributors to the Developments in Geotechnical Engineering

59. Karl Terzaghi 1883-1963 C.A.Coulomb 1736-1806 WJM Rankine 1820-1872 A.Casagrande 1902-1981 L. Bjerrum 1918-1973 A.W.Skempton 1914- G.F.Sowers 1921-1996 G.A. Leonards 1921-1997 Siva’s teacher in USA – deserves gold frame

60. SIVA Copyright  2001 59 Purdue University (USA), 1986 Mini-Me Geotechnical Group: Postgrads & staff

61. Geotechnical Engineering Landmarks

62. SIVA Copyright  2001 61 Leaning Tower of Pisa Our blunders become monuments!

63. SIVA Copyright  2001 62 Hoover Dam, USA Tallest (221 m) concrete dam

64. SIVA Copyright  2001 63 Petronas Tower, Malaysia Tallest building in the world

65. SIVA Copyright  2001 64 and…. Monuments

67. SIVA Copyright  2001 66 Geo-engineering at JCU CS2005 Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering CS3002 Soils & Foundations CS4001 Foundations & Rocks Postgrad MEngSc/PhD

68. SIVA Copyright  2001 67 Practicals ~ five practical sessions ~ closed footwear must be worn in the lab

69. SIVA Copyright  2001 68 Safety We have pride in our high safety standards Rio de Janeiro

70. SIVA Copyright  2001 69 Quizzes  about 4-6, 50 minutes each  open book How? Why?  reinforce main points  provide a wake up call  form of assessment

71. SIVA Copyright  2001 70 Past CS2005 Grades 1996199719981999200020012002 HD511330 ? D423296 C15126772 P 886108 P-602415 N12101214913 X003331 Total543335394235

72. SIVA Copyright  2001 71 Some Suggestions Attend the lectures. Develop a good feel for the subject. It takes longer to understand from the lecture notes It is practical, interesting and makes lot of sense.

73. SIVA Copyright  2001 72 Some Suggestions Work in groups.

74. SIVA Copyright  2001 73 Some Suggestions Thou shall not wait till the last minute.

75. SIVA Copyright  2001 74 Exams My mama always said, “Exam is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you gonna get”

76. SIVA Copyright  2001 75 Recipe for Success I like soils… I like soils….I like soils….