1. © EBSCO The Role of the Intermediary (Subscription Agent) Julie Boyd-Reynolds EBSCO Information Services

2. © EBSCO Topics to be covered The Information chain The Supply chain and its characteristics Serial supply ‘life cycle’ Business characteristics of the supply chain Why agents/intermediaries exist

3. © EBSCO Topics to be covered The changing landscape ‘Agent’ Initiatives in the electronic environment ‘The ‘big deal’ Who pays? Meeting the needs of our communities

4. © EBSCO The information chain Players in the print environment Author Publisher Subscription Agent Library Reader

5. © EBSCO Author Reader ? Publisher ? Subscription agent ? Library The information chain Open Access Model

6. © EBSCO Academics & Researchers Authors & Readers LibrariesPrimary Publishers Subscription Agents Traditional Model of Scholarly Publishing Circa 1960 Serials Supply Chain Abstracting & Indexing Services

7. © EBSCO Academics & Researchers Authors & Readers LibrariesPrimary Publishers Subscription Agents Traditional Model of Scholarly Publishing Circa 1980 Abstracting & Indexing Services Document Delivery Services Online Information Services Secondary Publishers Print, CD-Rom Serials Supply Chain

8. © EBSCO Academics & Researchers Authors & Readers Libraries Primary Publishers Subscription Agents New Model of Scholarly Publishing Abstracting & Indexing Services Document Delivery Services Online Information Services Library Purchasing Consortia Open Access Publishers Publishers contracted out Aggregated Gateways Publishers Online Services Subscription Agents Print and Online Gateways Secondary Publishers Print, CD-Rom, Online Content Aggregators Serials Supply Chain Content Negotiation Agents

9. © EBSCO The supply chain – complexity Authors ?00,000 Publishers 60,000+ Libraries ?0,000 Readers ?000,000 Titles 280,000+ Online Titles 14,000+ Organisations ?,000

10. Select & Evaluate options Catalogue records Ensure delivered Serials resource life cycle Order & pay Bibliographic changes Missing issues/no service Management Information Renewal criteria/decisio n © EBSCO The Subscription agent as intermediary

11. © EBSCO Provide Support Evaluate Monitor Administer Provide Access Acquire Electronic resource life cycle

12. © EBSCO Trial use Assess need/budget License terms Order Pay Price Evaluate Acquire Electronic resource life cycle

13. © EBSCO IP Addresses Register Proxy Servers Catalogue Portals/Access lists Campus authentication URL maintenance Provide Access Acquire Electronic resource life cycle

14. © EBSCO Claiming User IDs Admin module information Preferences (store) Holdings lists Access restrictions View rights for use Administer Provide Access Acquire Electronic resource life cycle

15. © EBSCO Provide Support Problem log Hardware needs Software needs Contact info Troubleshoot/ triage Administer Provide Access Acquire Electronic resource life cycle

16. © EBSCO Provide Support Evaluate Monitor Problem log Usage stats Downtime analysis Review problems User feedback Administer Provide Access Acquire Electronic resource life cycle

17. © EBSCO Electronic resource life cycle Claiming User IDs Admin module information Preferences (store) Holdings lists Access restrictions View rights for use Provide Support Evaluate Monitor Problem log Hardware needs Software needs Contact info Troubleshoot/ triage Usage stats Downtime analysis Review problems User feedback Administer Trial use Assess need/budget License terms Order Pay Price Evaluate IP Addresses Register Proxy Servers Catalogue Portals/Access lists Campus authentication URL maintenance Provide Access Acquire

18. © EBSCO Electronic resource life cycle Claiming User IDs Admin module information Preferences (store) Holdings lists Access restrictions View rights for use Provide Support Evaluate Monitor Problem log Hardware needs Software needs Contact info Troubleshoot/ triage Usage stats Downtime analysis Review problems User feedback Administer New processes introduced Trial use Assess need/budget License terms Order Pay Price Evaluate IP Addresses Register Proxy Servers Catalogue Portals/Acces s lists Campus authentication URL maintenance Acquire Provide Access

19. © EBSCO Electronic resource life cycle Provide Support Evaluate Monitor Title lists Administer Provide Access Usage stats Fulfillment reports Offer trial Marketing/ Sales License terms Order handling Invoices Pricing Acquire Hosting site IP Addresses Campus authentication Metasearch/ Z39.50 Durable URL Support Registration Subscription upgrades Claiming User IDs IP Changes Title Lists for packages Enforce License terms Title Changes Subscription problems Subscription problems Hardware problems Software problems Customer Service Technical Support Publishers

20. © EBSCO Business Characteristics of Serials Supply Print and Electronic Environment Acquisition Management Payment Multi Transactional & Low Margins & High Volume New Orders Transition Renewals Cancellations Customer Needs Publisher Needs Licensing Access Consolidation Secure In-Advance Prompt Methods Currency Invoicing Claims Title/Frequency & URL Changes Management Information Quality Assurance Archiving Authentication Usage Stats Price capping Bundle analysis Cancellations auditing Awareness Alerting/SDI Catalogues Database Specimen Copies Quotations Inflation Forecasts

21. © EBSCO Authors ?00,000 Publishers 60,000+ Libraries ?0,000 Readers ?000,000 Titles 280,000+ Online Titles 14,000+ Organisations ?,000 So Why do ‘Agents’ Exist?

22. © EBSCO Authors ?00,000 Publishers 60,000+ Libraries ?0,000 Readers ?000,000 Titles 280,000+ Online Titles 14,000+ Organisations ?,000 So Why do ‘Agents’ Exist?

23. © EBSCO Authors ?00,000 Publishers 60,000+ Libraries ?0,000 Readers ?000,000 Titles 280,000+ Online Titles 14,000+ Organisations ?,000 So Why do ‘Agents’ Exist? Agent

24. © EBSCO So Why do ‘Agents’ Exist? Authors ?00,000 Publishers 60,000+ Libraries ?0,000 Readers ?000,000 Titles 280,000+ Online Titles 14,000+ Organisations ?,000 Agent Simplify Add value Representing thousands of libraries to the publishers Representing thousands of publishers to the libraries

25. © EBSCO Simplify & Add Value? Economies of Scale Reduced Overheads through eased administration. Rights Management Currency Management Outsourcing/consolidation

26. © EBSCO Simplify & Add Value? Licensing & Authentication Awareness/Alerting ILS Interfaces Abstract & Full-text Databases Electronic Linking Industry Knowledge & Expertise

27. © EBSCO Challenges… …brought on by changes in the landscape The changing role of Intermediaries in the electronic world Declining budgets Price increases New technology eJournal Management Linking & OpenURL Access v Holdings Outsourcing ILS integration Consortia Distance learning Open Access

28. © EBSCO ‘Agent’ Initiatives Supplying Electronic Information Aggregation Services Model Licenses Agents as negotiators EDI & E-commerce ‘ Software’ services & tools

29. © EBSCO ‘Traditional’ Text Aggregators Full text plus A&I –Potential one stop shop for user –Extra revenue stream for publisher Business model –Low entry cost for publishers –Aggregator does the work & takes risk –Recent volumes embargoed to protect subscription revenue? –Library widen content base & electronic availability EBSCOhost ‘databases’, Ovid, ProQuest & Gale

30. © EBSCO ‘Contracted out’ Hosting Aggregators Hosts full text in place of publisher –Restricted to contracted publishers Business model -publisher outsourcing service –charge to publisher –Publisher retains subscription revenue (existing model) MetaPress, Extenza, Highwire & Ingenta

31. © EBSCO Gateway & Hosting aggregators Point and hosts full text –Potential one stop shop for user (headers/abstracts & full-text) –High usage –Avoids data ‘silos’ Business model –Low /No charge to Agents customers –Publisher retains subscription revenue (existing model) –Library widens content base & electronic availability –Pay for view –Linking EBSCOhost EJS & SwetsWise

32. © EBSCO Agent Initiatives Model Licences –http://www.licensingmodels.com/http://www.licensingmodels.com/ –Agreed terminology between all players –Starting point for most negotiations Agents as negotiators –NESLI (now non-agent NESLI2)

33. © EBSCO Agent Initiatives ILS and E-Commerce Solutions EDIFACT & X12 –orders, claims, check-in, financial, & management information. B2B business transactions –standards & protocols –integration with e-commerce platforms –( Ariba and Commerce One etc).

34. © EBSCO Agent services Software services & tools –Serials Management tools Think of the ‘traditional’ role of the agent as an intermediary Apply that thinking to the electronic field

35. © EBSCO Agent services Look to agent provide support in –License negotiation –Title management – A to Z listing Marc record services –Link resolver services (OpenURL) –Bundle auditing –Cancellation alerts

36. © EBSCO Group purchasing brings the opportunity for economies of scale Electronic delivery can mean the sharing of resources Tendering improves the ‘transparency’ of the process –Providing the tender is framed ‘properly!’ Consortia purchasing: the tender process

37. © EBSCO The emergence of ‘The Big Deal’ ‘Bundling’ by publishers locking libraries into multi-year, no cancellation agreements Increasing proportion of library budget ‘ring-fenced’ Increased availability of electronic content ‘Off the shelf’ (one size fits all) license Role of agent?

38. © EBSCO (Some) libraries resistance to renewing TBD Fragmentation of bundles ‘Bespoke’ (tailored) license Role of agent? –Detailed invoices –ILS integration & information (marc records) –Managing ‘bytes’ of information Cancellation clauses, title auditing ‘The Big Deal’ (phase two)

39. © EBSCO The ‘Big Deal’ ? “The University of… and other research libraries are holding out, convinced that the Big Deal serves only the big publishers…” Kenneth Frazier – Director of libraries U of Wisconsin. D-Lib magazine March 2001 –http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march01/frazier/03frazier.htmlhttp://www.dlib.org/dlib/march01/frazier/03frazier.html “…I was surprised to hear speaker after speaker declare that they thought that the ‘Big Deal’ was unsustainable and likely to go sooner rather than later” Comment on the launch of the Ingenta Institute report “The Consortium Site Licence – is it a sustainable model?” September 2002

40. © EBSCO Who pays? Agent (and all intermediaries) need resources to develop and deliver service(s). Traditionally the agent’s income derived from a combination of publisher discount and library ‘service’ charge. The changes we are witnessing are forcing a revision to this traditional model.

41. © EBSCO Cost to organisation of placing an order… Cost to organisation of raising/paying an invoice… The need for profit –To ensure stability –To invest in new service developments –To deliver quality service Who pays?

42. © EBSCO Publisher discounts The high value title –Sub price (say) £1000 –Publisher discount to agent 10% –Income for agent £100 The low value title –Sub price (say) £50 –Publisher discount to agent (unlikely!) 10% –Income to agent £5 The importance of the ‘mix’ of titles

43. © EBSCO Does it cost the agent (or the library for that matter) any less to process the ‘low value’ title? Result is that the high value titles subsidise the low value ones (or the departments that subscribe to the high value titles subsidise the departments that subscribe to the low value titles) Publisher discounts

44. © EBSCO If a library decides to place such high value subscriptions direct with the publisher, then the subsidy is removed. The ‘mix’ is disturbed The consequence (in the long term) could be higher (agent) charges for libraries for the titles that remain via an agent. Publisher discounts

45. © EBSCO Alternative pricing models The need for transparency …and to be able to determine ‘value for money’ Cost plus models –Where the discounted price has an agreed mark-up added Low/no discount –Where those titles that do not generate enough revenue for the agent are marked up to an agreed level prior to terms being applied

46. © EBSCO In a fragmented world of change …as the complexity of the industry grows – - the value the agent/infomediary brings to both the publisher and the library grows

47. © EBSCO Agents – meeting the needs of the community Traditional values still apply Financial security Value for Money Quality assurance Stability Order generation & checking Claim generation & processing Publication information Invoicing flexibility Single intermediary Outsourcing journal receipt (consolidation) Innovative technology partnership

48. © EBSCO Agents – meeting the needs of the community Even in the world of ‘E’ Single access point for e-journals Single sign on Athens and Athens DA Seamless linking to full text Ensuring users can locate resources Library Branding of resources Integration of resources E- Journals, Databases and Library catalogues Licensing Usage statistics – Counter compliance

49. © EBSCO Staying up to date Association of Subscription Agents (ASA) http://www.subscription-agents.org United Kingdom Serials Group (UKSG) http://www.uksg.org Lib-licence http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/index.sh tml http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/index.sh tml Lis e-journals http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/LIS-E- JOURNALS.html

50. © EBSCO Thank you! Questions? Jboyd-reynolds@ebsco.com