1. The Romantic Age

2. The Romantic Hero People who embodied Romantic qualities: 1.Free-spirited 2.Unconventional behavior 3.Original Napoleon, Beethoven, Chopin, Keats, Lord Byron, Frederick Douglass, etc.

3. Values of Romanticism Belief in the natural goodness of man (Rousseau) Glorification of the self Love of nature, the exotic, history in a nostalgic way Originality Rejection of Enlightenment ideals Interest in folk tradition, nationalism

4. The Napoleonic Era 1799 – disillusioned citizens New hero: Napoleon Bonaparte Dreams of imperial glory Crowned himself emperor in 1804 Campaign to conquer Europe Defeated in 1814 at Waterloo Imprisoned for the rest of his life at St. Helena

5. Napoleon and the Arts Imitated Roman emperors – made Paris imperial capital like Rome Power advertised by arts and buildings Louvre – a museum for pieces stolen from conquered countries Triumphal arches and columns La Madeleine – made in the style of a Greek temple Jacques-Louis David was “Painter to the Empire” Coronation scene and equestrian painting

6. Beethoven Suffering romantic genius Deafness at 25 Pianist in Vienna, able to sell his compositions Added piccolo and trombone to the symphonic orchestra Symphony Number 5 in C Minor Confrontation with fate: “fate knocking at the door” Motif – a term for short musical idea Symphony No. 3, Eroica, was the bridge between Classical style and Romantic style

7. Musical Virtuosos Paganini – the violin Chopin – the piano Schumann -- songs and symphonies Clara Schumann – lieder (songs) Brahms – symphonies

8. Goethe and Faust Faust – a romantic masterpiece drama in two parts Delacroix illustrated a French translation Schubert composed songs Gounod – the opera Faust – the ambition to burst all human constraint and indulge unquenched desire for experience

9. Delacroix and the Byronic Hero French more attracted to sensuality of Lord Byron – Don Juan, life of sexual freedom, political idealism and exotic travel. Intellectual and moral freedom Eugène Delacroix rebelled against the academy Color, drama, and exotic themes

10. Liberty Leading the People Fig. 17.5 Revolution of 1830 overthrew the Bourbon king Unity of the classes “Liberty” is idealized

11. Romantic Social Protest: William Blake Sympathetic observer of those enslaved by the industrial city Condemned the ills of urban existence

12. Romantic Feminism Mary Wollstonecraft – A Vindication of the Rights of Women, compared women to soldiers Revolutions did not liberate women Napoleon’s legal code denied women the right to hold property Western nations did not allow women to vote

13. Goya and Spain Goya’s paintings depicted the senseless brutality of war: Great Courage! Against Corpses! (fig. 17.3) Executions of the Third of May, 1808 (fig. 17.2) Christ-like martyr in white Lamp = enlightenment (irony)

14. The Romantics and Nature Romantic landscapes Constable: The Haywain (fig. 17.8), rustic landscapes Turner: The Slave Ship (fig. 17.9), colors of sea and sky Thomas Moran: Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone (fig. 17.11), the drama of nature

15. Romantic Exoticism Middle classes become strong Drawn to exotic and grotesque Colonies overseas in Africa and Asia Fascination with Arabic customs and dress Ingres – a disciple of David: La Grande Odalisque (fig. 17.6), classical figures

16. Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique Innovated with program music (composition that tells a story or describes a place) Story of Irish actress who rejected him By the fifth movement, the musician is dead and his beloved joins the celebration in a witches’ dance The macabre

17. The Romantic Novel Fascination with evil and the demonic – the “Gothic” novel Edgar Allan Poe Charlotte and Emily Brontë Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Hero who suffers a conflict between his God-like ambitions and moral blindness