1. CHY4CI

2.   Exam Review  June 4, 5, 8 and 9  Summative Essay  June 10, 11, 12, 15  Exam (in-class)  June 16, 17 News and Announcements

3.   Imperialism  Note  Nationalism Simulation Assignment  Start  DUE: Wednesday, June 3 rd Today

4.  Rhodes’ Colossus “I would annex the planets if I could.”  Cecil Rhodes, British imperialist and British magnate  Founder of the De Beers Mining Company  Cape-Cairo railway project  Owner of the British South Africa Company  Wanted to “paint the map of Africa [British] red”

5.   How are the following events/ideas related to European imperialism into Africa?  Coca Cola  Lester B. Pearson’s Nobel Prize for UN Peacekeeping  The Rwandan Genocide of 1994  Present-day civil wars in Africa Questions

6.   Most European countries and English-speaking countries took notice of Africa when in 1871, the New York Herald sent a reporter, Henry Stanley, into the heart of Africa to look for the lost Scottish medical missionary, Dr. David Livingstone who had gone missing for about six years  Stanley eventually found Livingstone in the town of Ujiji on the shores of Lake Tangayika, where it’s believed that he said the famous like, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” Stanley and Livingstone

7.  Mineral Tonics  One of the many fascinations of 19 th century Europeans was exotic travel, local remedies, and mystic experiences  The “newest” and most popular medical plants were the Peruvian coca leaf and the African kola nut

8.  “Healthful” Drinks  When mineral waters/tonics were mixed with syrups, the resulting drinks were refreshing and “healthful”  This led to a craze for these kind of drinks in the West

9.  Coca Cola  By the 1880s, healing tonics included:  Coca-Coffee  Coca-Malta  Cocacaffeine  Burgundia Coca  In 1885, the first “tonic” (known as “brain tonic”) named Coca Cola was created by Dr. John Pemberton of Atlanta, Georgia

10.  The Berlin Conference  In late 1884 and early 1885, German leader, Otto Von Bismarck hosted a conference in Berlin at which important European nations were invited to divide up the continent of Africa

11.  The Berlin Conference  The main purpose of the conference was to divide African lad into arbitrary borders that suited the interests of European nations  Before the conference, 80% of Africa was under the traditional rule of indigenous leaders

12.  Berlin Conference  By the end of the conference, the continent was divided into fifty countries whose boundaries crossed over pre- existing cultural and linguistic borders

13.  Berlin Conference  These artificial borders only reinforced civil conflicts within African colonies, especially as the colonial powers favoured certain indigenous groups over others

15.  The Rwandan Genocide  The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 was one such conflict that stemmed from European meddling in Africa  During the occupation of Rwanda by Belgian colonial rulers, the Tutsi—which made up about 14% of the population—received preferential treatment from the Belgian imperialists  The Hutus—which made up 80% of the population—were poorer and less educated than the Belgian-favoured Tutsis

16.   During the ensuing years of conflict, over 900,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were killed by radical Hutus The Rwandan Genocide

17.   At the end of the 19 th century there was a strong reaction against most inhumane forms of imperialist exploitation  A new rule of non-Europeans was found in the idea of the “white man’s burden”  This philosophy advanced the notion that the developed nations of Europe had a duty to rule Asians and Africans in order to lead them to a higher level of civilization and culture The New Imperialism

18.  The White Man’s Burden

19.  “Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child” -Rudyard Kipling (author of The Jungle Book ) “The White Man’s Burden”