1. Intro to Remote Sensing
Lecture 1

2. What is remote sensing Remote Sensing: remote sensing is science of
acquiring,
processing, and
interpreting
images and related data that are obtained from ground-based, air-or space-borne instruments that record the interaction between matter (target) and electromagnetic radiation.
Remote Sensing: using electromagnetic spectrum to image the land, ocean, and atmosphere.
In this class, we will mostly focus on the
principles and techniques for data collection and the interaction of electromagnetic energy with the Earth's surface
some application examples
also you will get familiar with ENVI, an image processing software.
interaction is determined by the physical properties of the matter, and
wavelength of electromagnetic energy that is remotely sensed.

3. Electromagnetic Spectrum
When you listen to the radio, watch TV, or cook dinner in a microwave oven, you are using electromagnetic waves.
Source:

4. What we measure in remote sensing?
shrub keep more energy

5.
In-Situ scale measurements

6. Solar radiation

7. Many more: Temperature Soil moisture Mineral and rock types Rainfall
Snow cover, snow depth or snow water equivalent
Vegetation type and biomass
Sea ice properties (concentration, thickness, extent, area)
Elevation and change
Aerosol, gas types and concentration
You might name a few more?

8. Remote sensing platforms
launch
1972, Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+
1999, NASA flagship satellite “Terra” with 5 state-of-the-art sensors for studying the Earth’s atmosphere, land, ocean, life, and radiation
1999, the first high-resolution commercial satellite IKONOS
Ground-based
Airplane-based
Satellite-based

9. NASA Research Spacecraft

10. Busy Traffic
Data acquisition

11. Applications of National Priority
Agricultural
Efficiency
Air Quality
Water
Management
Disaster Management
Carbon
Aviation
Ecological Forecasting
Invasive Species
Coastal Management
Homeland
Security
Energy Management
Public Health

12. History of Remote Sensing
Aerial photography is the original form of remote sensing (using visible spectrum) started in 1909
Aerial photographic reconnaissance was widely used after 1915 in WWI.
Photogrammetric Engineering, the official monthly publication of the American Society of Photogrammetry, was first published in 1934.
Color infrared photography began 1931, then was widely used in agriculture and forestry.
Development of radar ( ).
During WWII, non-visible spectrum (infrared and radar) were used as tools in remote sensing.
After the first man-made satellite (Sputnik 1) was launched on 4 October 1957 by Soviet Union, remote sensing moved to outer space, ignited the Space Race within the Cold War.
The United States' Explorer 6 transmitted the first space photograph of the Earth in August 1959.
The first systematic meteorological satellite observation came with the launch of the United States' TIROS 1 in 1960.
Landsat 1 (originally called the Earth Resources Technology Satellite or ERTS) was the first satellite to collect data on the Earth's natural resources. It was launched on 23 July 1972.
Hyperspectral remote sensing emerged (1980s), widely used in mineral, oil, etc. exploration.
Since then, a large number and advanced types of remote sensing systems have been developed.

13. Research Systems to Operational Systems
Imaging and Sounding
SeaWiFS
Terra
Aqua
NPP
NPOESS
Solar Irradiance, Ozone, and Aerosols
In operation
ACRIMsat
SORCE
Glory
NPOESS
Under
Development
SAGE III
AURA
NPP
NPOESS
In Formulation
Observation
Tech
Development
Atmospheric Composition
UARS
AURA
TBD
Ocean Surface Topography
Jason
OSTM
NOAA/EUMETSAT
* Canceled flight mission; gleaning technology for GOES-R
Land Cover/Land Use Change
Landsat 7
LDCM
Operational NPOESS
GIFTS*
GOES
Tech
Tropo Winds
TBD
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
NCEP
Data Assim
Short-term Prediction Research and Transition Center
NWS
NASA & NOAA jointly funding NRC studies on improving transition

14. From Terra, Aqua to NPP to JPSS
NPP (2011, Oct)
CrIS/ATMS
VIIRS
OMPS
Terra (1999)
Aqua (2002)
AIRS, AMSU & MODIS
Coriolis (2003)
WindSat
METOP (2006)
IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRR
JPSS/ (2016, 2019)
CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS,
OMPS & ERBS
Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved
Weather Forecasting & Numerical Weather Prediction
NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline
Ground Station Scenario
NWS/NCEP
GSFC/DAO
ECMWF
UKMO
FNMOC
Meteo-France
BMRC-Australia
Met Serv Canada
NOAA
Real-time
User
NWP
Forecasts
C3S
IDPS
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation

15. NPOESS, JPSS, and NPP NPP and NPOESS have a long, complicated history
The tri-agency NPOESS partnership (DOD, NOAA, NASA) has been dissolved
“NPOESS” is no more
The NOAA-NASA partnership continues under the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) – afternoon platform series
DOD is continuing alone -- early morning platform series
NASA’s NPP mission has not changed its name – it is still the NPOESS Preparatory Project.
The roles and responsibilities of the NPP Science Team have not changed (at its core, the primary work remains EDR evaluation and related algorithm improvements for climate science!)

16. NPP Goals The NPP mission has two major goals:
To provide a continuation of the EOS record of climate-quality observations after EOS Terra, Aqua, and Aura (i.e., it will extend key Earth system data records and/or climate data records of equal or better quality and uncertainty in comparison to those of the Terra, Aqua, and Aura sensors), and
To provide risk reduction for JPSS instruments, algorithms, ground data processing, archive, and distribution prior to the launch of the first JPSS spacecraft (but note that there are now plans to use NPP data operationally)

18. NPOESS no more

21. The greatest canyon on Mars: Valles Marineris

22. Trend and Future of Remote Sensing (1)
High spatial resolution
- IKONOS launched in 1999 by Space Imaging
(4 m multi-spectral and 1 m panchromatic)
- QuickBird launched in 2001 by DIGITALGLOBE
(2.44 m multi-spectral and 61 cm panchromatic)
High spectral resolution
- AVIRIS, 10nm and 20 m, 224 bands
- Hyperion launched in 2000, 10nm and 30m, 220 bands
High radiometric resolution
- 8 bits to 12 bits
High temporal resolution
- GOES minutes
- NEXRAD 6 or 10 minutes
National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System

23. Trend and Future of Remote Sensing (2)
Globe coverage, high repeatability (or improved temporal resolution)
- AVHRR, 1100m, morning or afternoon
- MODIS, m, morning or afternoon
- NPOESS (will be launched in 2013), m, 4 hours
Real-time or near real-time availability
- MODIS available online in the second day ?
- NEXRAD available online in 6 minutes
- NPOESS available online in 15 minutes
Cost free or affordable
- Most of the federal collected images are free available or lower
cost, while commercial high resolution images are affordable.
Integrated remote sensing and GIS
- Remote sensing applications with the support of GIS
- Remote sensing data as a major GIS data source
National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System

24. Major image processing software
ENVI/IDL:
ERDAS Imagine:
PCI Geomatics:
ER Mapper:
INTEGRAPH:
IDRIS:
Ecognition:
See5 and decision tree