1. Levels of cellular organization
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

2. Cells
Prokaryotic
Bacteria
Eukaryotic
Animal
Plant

3. Division of Cells Eukaryotic Cells Literally means “True nucleus”
Have a ________
_______ Cells
Have membrane-bound __________
Organisms made of eukaryotic cells are called “________”
Examples: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Unicellular organisms like paramecium and amoeba

4. Cellular Components Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton
___-_____ substance ______ the cell where organelles are found
Cytoskeleton
“Cell skeleton”
Network of _______ fibers that maintain the ______ and structure of cell
Composed of three networks of fibers
Microtubules: _______; hollow tubes made of protein; determine cell shape; scaffolding
______________ Filaments: Provide strength of cell
Actin Filaments: ________; contractile string-like proteins that allow for cell ________

6. Cellular Components Cell Membrane Cell Wall
______-permeable barrier that _________ the cell
Regulates what _____ and ______ the cell
Provides protection
Found in ____ types of cells
Cell Wall
Porous, ______ barrier found _________ the ____ ________
Adds additional layer of support and protection
_____ found in _______ cells

7. Organelles
Nucleus
Houses the ______ material (DNA) needed for replication of the cell
“______ Center” of the cell
Contains the instructions for the creation of proteins (made from DNA)
Exterior: Surrounded by nuclear envelope: double-layered ________ that encloses the DNA; contains nuclear pores: small ________ that allow for the passage of molecules between the _________ and the _______
Interior: DNA in the form of ___________ (string-like)
Nucleolus: where ribosomes are made; very _______ region

8. Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes
A grouping of sac-like structures
_____ types of ER:
______ ER: contain ribosomes (creating ‘rough’ appearance); involved in the process of _______ synthesis
______ ER: no ribosomes; involved in ______ synthesis
Ribosomes
Location where _______ are made (protein synthesis)

9. Organelles Golgi Apparatus
Looks like a stack of membranes (pancake-like appearance)
Modifies, ____, and _______proteins received from the ER.
Break off from the golgi apparatus; float ________ in the cell or travel to _______________where it will eventually___the cell.
Creation of _____________

10. Organelles
Lysosomes
Contain _______ necessary for_______ of cell food or waste
Can break down lipids, carbs, proteins
Digest non-functional organelles, ‘_______ ___’ the cell

12. Organelles
Vacuoles
Sac-like structure responsible for _______ of various materials (e.g. water, carbs, proteins, etc.)

13. Organelles Mitochondria The “___________” of the cell
Convert _____ energy into energy that is used by the _____ itself (for growth, development, movement, etc.) via cellular respiration
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
_________ structure

14. Organelles Chloroplast Site of _____________
Energy from ____ is captured and converted into chemical energy
Contain the pigment ________ which absorbs solar energy used in photosynthesis
Responsible for the ______ color of plants

15. Organelles Centrioles Made of ______________ Located ______ nucleus
___________ microtubules within the cytoskeleton prior to cell division