1. By Heather Sissons

2. What is meditation? DFN - "Consciously directing your ________________ to alter your state of consciousness." www.meditationcenter.com/info/index.html

3. What meditation is… Allowing your mind to be _________ and attentive. Increase awareness of the world around you. Being in the moment – not worrying about the past or future A process more than a goal

4. Meditation is not… Falling asleep. Going into ________________. Becoming lost in thought. Forgetting who or where you are. www.heartspring.net/music_health_effects.html

5. Types of meditation Two groups: –Concentrative - focus on ________________ Meditation of mind Meditation of body Meditation of senses

6. Types of Meditation –Mindful - quiet ________________ of stimuli without thought or worry Mindfulness meditation

7. Concentrative Meditation Meditation of mind –Involves use of a ________________ or an internal visual image. Meditation of body –Involves attending to breath or other physical sensations such as rocking or overall feeling.

8. Concentrative Meditation Meditation of ________________ –Involves attending to sounds or external visual stimuli

9. Mindful Meditation Mindfulness meditation –Involves attending to a the __________ of all stimuli in your environment, without concentration. Smith (2005)

10. Why Meditate? Traditional view – _____________ growth Contemporary view – relaxation, stress relief

11. How to meditate 1. Find a quiet, comfortable place where you will not be ________________. 2. Calmly attend to a stimulus (breath, mantra, etc.)

12. How to meditate 3. Calmly redirect your attention back to the target stimulus when you get distracted. 4. Feel yourself __________ and continue attending to your target stimulus.

13. Misconceptions Meditation is very difficult. –Not true, with _____________ it becomes easier and easier. Meditation requires you to turn off your thoughts. –Also false, you don’t turn off your thoughts, you just don’t focus on and worry about them. http://www.meditationcenter.com/info/index.html

14. Misconceptions You have to sit in uncomfortable positions to meditate. –No, you should sit (or lay down) in a comfortable position for best results.

15. History and Theory The consciousness of mind and culture

16. Meditation began from ______________ religious practices. ( ex. Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism.) Their mind set and way of life promote meditation to achieve peace of mind and enlightenment. Each culture has their form of meditation tied with their own beliefs. Meditation spreads throughout the world today. http://www.erowid.og/spirit/meditation

17. Types of Meditation Transcendental Zen Mindfulness or insight ________________ Meditation Position Ref.

18. Types of Meditation Guided ________________ Music And many more… Meditation Position Ref.

19. Transcendental Meditation DFN: A technique of meditation derived from Hindu traditions that promotes deep relaxation or state of rest, through the use of a mantra. ________________ : A sacred phrase, word or sound chanted repeatedly as part of meditation and prayer, as an aid to concentration and the development of spiritual power One of the more widely known mantras is the letter of the Sanskrit alphabet, Om http://www.transcendental-meditation.org.uk

20. Amharic Mahout Mahesh Yogi Born 1918 Taught by _________ Swami Drahamananda Saraswati, the divine teacher (1940-1953) Instructed to create universal meditation technique Himalayan mountains, 2 yrs 1959-Formal teaching U.S. 1961-popularity-70’s

21. Zen Meditation DFN: Enlightenment can be attained through meditation, ________________, and intuition rather than through faith and devotion practiced mainly in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Purpose : Through a clarified mind- you shed views and interpretations of concepts such as victory and defeat, self and others, right and wrong. Thus, reaching a realm of great rest and tranquility. http://www.zenguide.com

22. Mindfulness or Insight Meditation DFN: Focusing on awareness and _______________; observing your thoughts and environment. Being fully present in the moment, without judgment, simply observing and moving on. Becoming aware of your thoughts gives you power to manipulate them. –Most importantly, no thoughts can be judged or given emotional energy –Feelings of losing control when free association yields all possible thoughts.

23. Meditation and Music

24. Listening “It is the province of knowledge to speak and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen” –Oliver Wendell Holmes Definition: To listen is to make a conscious effort to __________ Definition: To listen is to make a conscious effort to __________ Two types of listening: Two types of listening: Active- Active listening intentionally focuses on a sound or group of sounds with the intention of providing feedback in order to establish understanding of what is being communicated. sound or group of sounds with the intention of providing feedback in order to establish understanding of what is being communicated. Passive- Passive listening is when no feedback response is intended, such as when listening to the radio or watching television. response is intended, such as when listening to the radio or watching television. While listening is an active state of awareness, it is also passive in the sense that it is receptive. While listening is an active state of awareness, it is also passive in the sense that it is receptive. Listening, opposed to just hearing, suggests a more attentive state in which we intend to hear. Listening, opposed to just hearing, suggests a more attentive state in which we intend to hear. http://www.interluderetreat.com/meditate/listen.htm

25. Listening and Sound Sounds Sounds Definition: Sound is that which is heard, resulting from stimulation of auditory nerves by ________________ in the air, either passive or active. Definition: Sound is that which is heard, resulting from stimulation of auditory nerves by ________________ in the air, either passive or active. Music is a ______________ sound. Music is a ______________ sound. A musical sound is more than just the sounds of the city streets or the constant hum of conversation, a musical sound, or a tone, can be defined in terms of pitch and duration. A musical sound is more than just the sounds of the city streets or the constant hum of conversation, a musical sound, or a tone, can be defined in terms of pitch and duration.

26. Music Must have certain elements of tone, scale, pitch, and presentation, to be most effective during meditation Must have certain elements of tone, scale, pitch, and presentation, to be most effective during meditation Affects brain at certain levels; our ______ can fluctuate between various music genres Affects brain at certain levels; our ______ can fluctuate between various music genres Can activate neural pathways associated with euphoria and reward which promotes emotional happiness Can activate neural pathways associated with euphoria and reward which promotes emotional happiness While anyone can simply play music while meditating it may ___________ the person from gaining full benefit from their meditation session. You must ________________ to music in order to gain benefit from music during meditation. While anyone can simply play music while meditating it may ___________ the person from gaining full benefit from their meditation session. You must ________________ to music in order to gain benefit from music during meditation. Listening to and focusing on the music, (if done properly), can be meditation in itself. Listening to and focusing on the music, (if done properly), can be meditation in itself. http://www.pauladams.org/Meditationpage/Meditation%20Page.htm

27. What type of music is listened to during meditation? The type of music listened to during meditation depends on the one who meditates. The type of music listened to during meditation depends on the one who meditates. ________________ music is recommended during meditation if music is played but ultimately it depends on the person meditating and the type of music they are most comfortable with. ________________ music is recommended during meditation if music is played but ultimately it depends on the person meditating and the type of music they are most comfortable with.

28. Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) as a Type of Musical Meditation DEF: A therapeutic process using carefully selected music DEF: A therapeutic process using carefully selected music A trained facilitator to create an environment in which one can experience personal insights that provide answers and guidance for important life issues A trained facilitator to create an environment in which one can experience personal insights that provide answers and guidance for important life issues Provides an opportunity for emotions to be recognized, released, and then processed productively Provides an opportunity for emotions to be recognized, released, and then processed productively Recognized as a psychotherapeutic method by the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) Recognized as a psychotherapeutic method by the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) http://www.musicinhealth.com/about_gim.html

29. GIM Continued… The music during GIM evokes _______________, sensations, and feelings and the traveler and guide dialogue together about the unfolding journey The music during GIM evokes _______________, sensations, and feelings and the traveler and guide dialogue together about the unfolding journey The traveler spontaneously describes experiences stimulated by the music while the guide supports and encourages The traveler spontaneously describes experiences stimulated by the music while the guide supports and encourages Sessions usually last 30-45 minutes (Music in Health) Sessions usually last 30-45 minutes (Music in Health) http://www.musicinhealth.com/about_gim.html

30. Tips for Effectively Using Music in Meditation With Music With Music Use music you ___________ ; avoid music you assume will relax you Use music you ___________ ; avoid music you assume will relax you if using music as meditation, try not to concentrate on anything else ie:breathing technique if using music as meditation, try not to concentrate on anything else ie:breathing technique give in to the music. Let yourself feel what the composer intended to feel give in to the music. Let yourself feel what the composer intended to feel With Sound With Sound Sit in meditation and attend to the sounds that come to you Sit in meditation and attend to the sounds that come to you Allow yourself to hear ________________ the sound Allow yourself to hear ________________ the sound Listen with full attention Listen with full attention What do you hear?...Disregard the name of what you hear What do you hear?...Disregard the name of what you hear Instead, focus on the sensation you achieve Instead, focus on the sensation you achieve http://www.interluderetreat.com/meditate/listen.htm

31. Music and Meditation in Medical Research Music therapy and anxiety following surgery Music therapy and anxiety following surgery Music therapy and back pain Music therapy and back pain Music therapy and cancer pain Music therapy and cancer pain Music therapy and children with developmental delay Music therapy and children with developmental delay Music therapy and depression Music therapy and depression Music therapy and __________ Music therapy and __________ Music therapy and migraines Music therapy and migraines Music therapy and stress management Music therapy and stress management Music therapy and postoperative pain Music therapy and postoperative pain http://www.internethealthlibrary.com/therapies/musictherapy-research.htm

32. In Conclusion… Music in general is ________________ for effective meditation Music in general is ________________ for effective meditation However, music affects the brain in areas that meditation alone does not However, music affects the brain in areas that meditation alone does not The combination of the two, music and meditation, can potentially produce a more effective meditation session and in turn a higher spiritual experience The combination of the two, music and meditation, can potentially produce a more effective meditation session and in turn a higher spiritual experience

33. The Benefits of Meditation

34. Physical Benefits Helps prevent heart disease Reduces ___________ Enhances immune system Lowers blood pressure Decreases risk of heart attack and stroke Helps prevent digestive problems Improves fertility http://cms.psychologytoday.com/articles/index.php?term=pto-20010501-000025

35. Physical Benefits Cont. Reduction of free radicals –unstable oxygen molecules that can cause ________________ Improved flow of air to the lungs resulting in easier breathing –helpful to asthma patients Graceful aging http://cms.psychologytoday.com/articles/index.php?term=pto-20010501-000025 http://1stholistic.com/Meditation/hol_meditation.htm

36. Psychological Benefits Higher level of self-acceptance and insight about oneself Reduces Stress Decreases anxiety Decreases ________________ Helps people better relate to one another http://cms.psychologytoday.com/articles/index.php?term=pto-20010501-000025

37. Psychological Benefits Cont. Increased emotional stability –Decreased irritability and moodiness Improvements in those with ______________ Improved learning ability and memory Increased IQ Harrison, Linda J. (2004). Sahaja Yoga Meditation as a Family Treatment Program for Children with Attention Deficit- Hyperactive Disorder. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 9(4), 479-497.

39. Psychological Benefits Cont. Increased brain wave coherence. –____________ of brain wave activity in different parts of the brain is associated with greater creativity, improved moral reasoning, and higher IQ. http://1stholistic.com/Meditation/hol_meditation.htm

40. Benefits for Cancer Patients Decreased depression and anxiety Decreased ____________ and confusion More energy Fewer heart and gastrointestinal problems http://cms.psychologytoday.com/articles/index.php?term=pto-20010501-000025

41. Relaxation Response Dr. Herbert Benson of the Mind-Body Medical Institute, which is affiliated with Harvard and several Boston hospitals, reports that meditation induces a host of ________________ and physical changes in the body collectively referred to as the "relaxation response." The relaxation response includes changes in metabolism, heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and brain chemistry. The relaxation response is beneficial in reducing stress and controlling the fight-or-flight response. http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/health/112399hth-cancer-meditation.html http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTCS_05.htm