1. Cracking the Code Phonics (2)
Year 1
February 2012
Mon 7th March – Gp 7 HJB – Gp 4 HJB – Gp 1 HJB 17 Need: registers, handbook, reading pack, tool kit, ears for sound walk, individual whiteboards, phoneme spotter sheets & word sort materials, Pips video, L&S DVD, terminology quiz, games to play – Full Circle………, sheets for directed task
Mary – terminology, digraphs, are we playing games with them?
Registers/headcount

2. Objectives
to consider children’s early experience of learning how to read
to be introduced to phonics and phonological awareness
to understand how children use phonics to read unknown words
to know a range of teaching strategies to help children develop understanding of phonics

3. Reflection on assignment
Think about your English assignment
Reflect on your own work
Can you identify what you feel you did well and/or where you can identify targets for development?
Might be: structure/reading/referencing/building an argument etc
Now share your reflections with the person next to you
15 minutes

4. Directed task
Last week you were asked to choose one of the phonics games to make
In your tables take turns to share your games
What are the key elements of phonics games? Make a list to share.
10 minutes

5. What is phonological awareness?
The awareness of sounds within words
Syllables
Onset and rime
Phonemes
Refers only to speech i.e. you don’t need to be able to read
Play syllable game with names
Continue onset and rime list sit, bit…. Cat, fat…..get, set,
Come on to phonemes

6. Phonemic awareness: Phonics
Phonics is the ability to apply that phonemic knowledge to the alphabet.
To be able to apply sounds to graphemes.
Phonics is when a child can attach a drawing from the symbols in the alphabet to a sound – it is a code

7. The alphabetic principle
There are 44 phonemes
A phoneme can be represented by one or more letters (cat, that, hair, caught)
The same phoneme can be represented/spelled in more than one way (Rain, may, lake)
 The same spelling may represent more than one phoneme (mean deaf) 7

8. Mr Thorne Does Phonics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wGfNiweEkI
Synthetic phonics

9. Vowels and consonants
Vowels are phonemes where air flows through the mouth unobstructed, e.g. the letters a, e, i, o, and u
Consonants are phonemes marked by constriction or closure in the breath channel - letters other than a, e, i, o and u.

10. What are phonemes and graphemes
A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a word e.g.
p-i-n
m-a-n
c-o-t
A grapheme is the written representation of a sound
Don’t reveal next slide – just use for me

11. Phoneme hearing exercises
a) How many phonemes in:
cat
dog
ship
leg
chin
Pen
Crop
lap
spin
trip
map
shop
net
photo
stick
thin
Fingers, robot talking, sound buttons
Do this on wipe boards 11

12. What is synthetic phonics?
Children are taught individual letters, or groups of letters and their sounds. They learn to blend (synthesise) letters together to form words
They read unknown words by breaking them down in to phonemes (decoding). E.g. c-a-t

13. Digraphs-consonant
A digraph is two letters together which make one sound.
There are consonant digraphs e.g:
sh, th, ch, ng, ph
As a group can you make a list of ten words using consonant digraphs on your paper?
What do you notice about the phonemes and graphemes?
Chin
Stick
Photo
Wrong knife
Comb way
where 13

14. Digraphs-vowel
There are 5 vowels in the alphabet but more vowel sounds
Make a list of 10 words which contain the long a phoneme
Compare the spellings of the long a phoneme – which graphemes do they use
Do the Real Treat sheet - + word sort
Play Progression in phonics video 14

15. ae ee ie oe ue oo ar ur or au er ow

16. Vowel digraph (the phonemes)ae ee ie oe ue oo ar ur or au er ow

17. Trigraphs
A trigraph is a three letter grapheme where three letters represent one phoneme
Can you think of any words which have phonemes which need three letters?
Write them on your wipe board with a partner
Can you think of any words which have phonemes with 4 letters? In pairs
Trigraphs
Hair
Square
Judge
Hear
Rough
Slaughter
Eight
weight

18. What is a split digraph?
A split diagraph has a letter that splits, i.e. comes between, the two letters in the diagraph.
For example what happens with words like
Gate
lake
made
site
time
There are six split diagraphs in English spelling

19. How do children develop as readers?
cueing strategies
comprehension: literal and inferential
phonemic awareness
grapheme phoneme correspondence
motivation
Go on to say things less obvious like opportunities for role play, using story boxes, visiting the library, reading on screen etc.
enjoyment
talking about books and reading
choices
experience of different genres
phonic knowledge

20. The Simple View of Reading (The Rose Cross)

21. Phonics in the classroom
Video: Pairs with Commentary
Mr Thorne Does Phonics – seeing it in the classroom

22. What does teaching look like? Letters and Sounds
Phase 1
Prepares children for phonic work. Based on listening and discriminating between sounds.
Phase 2
Single phonemes/graphemes are introduced. They understand that segmenting and blending are reversible processes. Read and spell simple CVC words.
Phase 3
In this phase the digraphs are introduced but not the split digraphs.
Go through resource
Play DVD or PIPS video

23. What does teaching look like? Letters and Sounds
Phase 4
Here children are introduced to the adjacent consonants – e.g. ‘slip’ and ‘camp’.
Phase 5
Here they will learn that some spellings have alternative pronunciations e.g. cow and blow. And some sounds have alternative spellings e.g. ‘ jump’ and ‘hedge’.
Phase 6
A lot of teaching in this phase revolves around spelling e.g. prefixes ‘return’ and suffixes ‘sitting’. Also reading for meaning is emphasised.
Again go through resource

24. Letters and Sounds-timescale for discrete teaching
Phase 2-six weeks
Phase 3-twelve weeks
Phase 4-four weeks
Phase 5 (throughout Year 1) 1-30 weeks
Phase 6 (through year 2)
The teaching is structured and fast paced.
There are excellent examples on the DVD
Please look at the Phase 2 timetable you have been given. Any comments?

25. Sequence of teaching in a discrete phonics session
Introduction
Objectives and criteria for success
Revisit and review
Teach
Practise
Apply
Assess against learning criteria

26. Letters and Sounds
Hear and say sounds in words in the order in which they occur
Link sounds to letters, naming and sounding the letters of the alphabet
Use their phonic knowledge to write simple regular words and make phonetically plausible attempts at more complex words
Note overlap between ELGs and phase 1

27. How much have you learned? 1
What is a vowel?
What is a consonant?
What is a phoneme
What is a grapheme
What is phoneme –grapheme correspondence?
How many phonemes are there?
How many letters are there?

28. How much have you learned? 2
What is a vowel digraph?
What is a consonant digraph?
What is a split digraph?
What is phonemic segmentation (hint: spelling) and blending (hint: reading)?
What is synthetic phonics? (hint: it’s got something to do with sequence)

29. Guidance for W7 – Independent study Reinforcing phonics (Do not come to the seminar rooms)
Task 1
Go to the Reading Collection section of the library adjacent to the normal fiction selection
Look through the phonics resources
Select one of the following resources and review it in words
Big Cat
Thrass
Read Write Inc
Jolly Phonics
Be prepared to share your review with other students in your group in Week 8
Task 2 Watch some Mr Thorne Does Phonics on You Tube or on the Times Educational Supplement Resource site (you may have to enrol) Task 3 Go to your reading pack and read the “What is Phonics and which type is most effective” article by Johnstone and Watson

30. Watch these in Week 7
Letters and Sound Phase 2
Letters and Sounds Phase 1
Letters and Sounds: notes and guidance for practitioners and teachers

31. Analytic phonics Analytic phonics
Children are taught to decode words they do not know by using words or word parts they do know.
Using onset and rime is part of this system. If you can hear and spell c-at, then you can work out how to spell b-at. (analogy)
It works only for words where the rime is spelt identically.
Do the terminology matching activity drawing lines