1. Copyright Sayeed Choudhury 2004 This work is the intellectual property of the author. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of the author. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the author.

2. Integration of Digital Library Services through Repositories Educause Mid-Atlantic Regional Conference January 14, 2004 Sayeed Choudhury

3. Some disclaimers Not a specific formula or “recipe” to address this issue Begin with consideration of digital library services Rather, a discussion of a theoretical (even philosophical?) approach to maximizing the chances of success

4. Collections, Services and Infrastructure Digital Library projects began with collections (i.e., digitization) Subsequent development of associated services Development of digital library infrastructure (e.g., repositories)

5. What are Services? “A contribution to the welfare of others” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) “Traditional” concepts like reserves, reference, circulation, resource discovery “New” items such as chat, e-reserves, visualizations, electronic publishing, digital preservation

6. So, what’s the problem? Development of digital collections, and now digital services, is leading to “silos” or “stovepipes” How do I search the content across different collections (beyond OAI harvesting)? How do I move content from [insert your favorite CMS] to an e-publishing system?

7. One approach Choose your favorite system and add functionality “Feature Creep” becomes a problem Will “monolithic” systems be flexible enough? Another approach is to build services upon repositories

8. Repositories? Some examples “Welcome to eprints.org, dedicated to opening access to the refereed research literature online through author/institution self-archiving.” (eprints.org) “DSpace provides stable long-term storage needed to house the digital products of MIT faculty and researchers.” (dspace.mit.edu)

9. A definition for repository “The important point is to consider repositories as services that manifest themselves as a migration of systems.” – Cliff Lynch, CNI The installation of a repository system is the beginning of the process to support services Repositories are “dumb” in that they basically store bits…but they are useful because they are persistent

10. Another approach Content is converted or created in the least fixed, most generalized form, and deposited into persistent repositories. Content is then accessed by services within the service layer to be presented by multiple interfaces Use open standards, and build interfaces between service modules

11. Example Technical Architecture (from the DL community) Repositories Services Interfaces Project repository Institution repository Personal repository Reflection, Assessment Chat, bulletin boards E-publishing, visualizations PortalBrowserCell phone or PDA

12. Some systems we are evaluating… DSpace, Fedora, eprints, WebWare LOCKSS DiVA, ETD Coursework, Claroline Internet Scout OSPI uPortal

13. Moving targets Digital Science (and Cultural Informatics?) “Digital Natives” (Growing up Digital by Tapscott) In 1994, Gopher was still extensively used In 2004, the browser is not the only means of access

14. Final thoughts In order to integrate, one must unbundle first. –Tim DiLauro, Johns Hopkins University The system should never be optimized. –Clay Shirky, DLF Fall Forum 2003