2. Is there a Pattern to a Country’s Population?
Learning Outcome:
All Learners: Will be able to identify the main features of a for a Demographic Transition Model and a Population Pyramid.
Most Learners: will be able to identify the
Literacy target:
To decode a piece of text in order to critically evaluate its effectiveness.
Competence: Research

3. Rate of Population Change
Rate of change
Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country or place is called the natural increase. The natural increase is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.
Task:
In groups, discuss what the information on the board shows.
One person to lead the group
Copy spider diagram and complete notes: .
Rate of Population Change
MEDC
LEDC
Natural increase = birth rate - death rate

4. How reliable was this in the past? How about LEDC Countries?
Mini Plenary:
Discuss the ways of collecting information about a population e.g. number of babies
How reliable was this in the past?
How about LEDC Countries?
Learning Outcome:
To be able to understand if there are patterns in a countries population.

5. Rate of Population Change
Rate of change
Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country or place is called the natural increase. The natural increase is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.
Task:
In groups, discuss what the information on the board shows.
One person to lead the group
Copy spider diagram and complete notes: .
Rate of Population Change
MEDC
LEDC
Natural increase = birth rate - death rate

6. Mini Plenary:
Discussion the ways of collecting information about population in the UK.
How reliable was this in the past? How about LEDC Countries?
Learning Outcome:
To be able to understand if there are patterns in a countries population.

7. Is there a pattern to how a country’s population changes over time?
Facts from memory exercise
3 minutes to visit the laptop screen.
Share with your group what you learn.
1 person to visit the screen at a time.

9. Mini Plenary: This diagram shows…?

10. Demographic Transition Model
Aim: To understand how the population of a LEDC country with high birth rate and high death rate can change over time
Task:
5 stations (5 stages of the Demographic Transition Model)
For each stage, make notes in your book.
Use your copy of the DTM model to help you.

12. Station 1) Stage 1 Example Countries:
Sierra Leone; Congo – these are the poorest LEDC Countries.

13. Stage 1) Birth / Death Rate Information
Area
Birth Rate
Reason
Death Rate
LEDCs
High
No contraception Couples have many babies to compensate for the high death rate caused by poor health care Large families need to work on the land to contribute to family income Children look after old Religious reasons
Poor medical facilities Disease Poor nutrition High Infant mortality

14. Station 2) Stage 2 Example Countries: Bangladesh; Nigeria
Stage 2 - Early Expanding
Birth Rate remains high. Death Rate is falling. Population begins to rise steadily.
Reasons
Death Rate is falling as a result of:
Improved health care (e.g. Smallpox Vaccine)
Improved Hygiene (Water for drinking boiled)
Improved sanitation
Improved food production and storage
Improved transport for food
Decreased Infant Mortality Rates
Example countries:

15. Station 3) Stage 3 Example Countries: India; South Korea
Stage 3 - Late Expanding
Birth Rate starts to fall. Death Rate continues to fall. Population rising.
Reasons:
Family planning available (contraception)
Lower Infant Mortality Rate
Increased factories reduces need for workers i.e. machine do the work.
Increased standard of living (people are getting wealthier and have some healthcare)
Changing status of women (i.e. they get careers)

16. Stage 3) Birth / Death Rate Information
Area
Birth Rate
Reason
Death Rate
NICs
High/ Decreasing
People are used to having many children. Takes time for culture to change Changing status of women
Decreasing
As an economy develops money becomes available for better health care Housing improves Better childcare

17. Station 4) Stage 4 - Low Fluctuating
Stage 4 Example Countries:
More Economically Developed countries e.g. UK; France
Stage 4 - Low Fluctuating
Birth Rate and Death Rate both low. Population steady.
Typical of USA; Sweden; Japan; Britain

18. Stage 4) Birth / Death Rate Information
Area
Birth Rate
Reason
Death Rate
MEDCs
Low
Children are expensive People know their children are going to survive so they can keep their families small Widely available contraceptives Changing status of women
Better health care Better standard of living

19. Demographic Transition Model
Coding of Text Activity
Task Aim: For learners to identify what they do and do not understand when using a written source. With an aim to ensure learners improve their understanding.
What I understand:
Is new or interesting
Answers a question
you had
What I Don’t Understand:
A word you don’t understand Circle
Puzzles you ?
Really confuses you ??

20. Population Pyramids Research Task:
Working in groups, you are going to answer the following questions:
A Population pyramid is…?
It shows….?
It is useful because…?
Group Roles:
Researcher (Ipad)
Information Gatherer (Research Board)
Speaker
Recorder

21. Clue 1) Population Pyramids show…?
Male Bar Graph
This is a simple bar graph which shows the number of people at a certain age.
This axis is for the Age:

22. Clue 2) A Population Pyramid shows…?
Population structure means the "make up" or composition of a population. Looking at the population structure of a place shows how the population is divided up between males and females of different age groups.
Population structure is usually shown using a population pyramid. A population pyramid can be drawn up for a whole country or an individual town, city or village.

23. Clue 3) The Shape of a population pyramid shows?
The shape of a population pyramid is very important and can tell us a lot about the people living in a particular country or place.
The shape of a population pyramid gives us information about birth and death rates as well as life expectancy

24. Clue 4) Population Pyramids
A population with a high number of young dependants and a low life expectancy e.g. Mozambique.
Ageing population and a very low birth rate may have a population structure that looks a little like an upside-down pyramid e.g. Japan.
Falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy e.g. the U.K.
Looks like a barrel.

25. Peer Assessment: Group Name:
WWW: They were able to accurately explain what a population pyramid is.
EBI: If they described the different stages of a population pyramid.

26. MATCHING UP - what goes where?
Economicaly active
Elderly dependent
Young Dependent

27. Task) Complete UK Population Pyramid

28. Economicaly active Young Dependent Elderly Dependent
An ageing population – there are more elderly people shown by a wider top on the graph.
A narrow base showsthe number of children being born is decreasing.
There were lots of children born between 35 – 55 years ago. This is called the baby boom period.
After the second world war people had more money and could afford to have more children.
A population pyramid is a simple graph used to show the number of people in a population
Women live longer than men.
There are currently lots of men of the working age. The people pay taxes and support the UK.
There are less babies being born therefore the economy will suffer in the long term.
Large economically active section. Dependent population (i.e. young and elderly) just about supported
Elderly Dependent
Economicaly active
Young Dependent

29. Population Pyramid Quiz
Multiple Choice

30. Population Quiz – Q1)
A population with a high number of young dependants and a low life expectancy.
An ageing population.
A well developed country (i.e. an MEDC).
Pick the right answer by showing you’re planner cards.

31. Population Quiz – Q2)
A population with a high number of young dependants and a low life expectancy.
2) Falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy.
3) A poor country.

32. Population Quiz – Q3)
The biggest population by age is (i.e. most!).
Birth rate is increasing.
Death rate is going down.

33. Population Quiz – Q4) Men live longer than men.
Large economically active sector, thriving economy
High birth rate.

34. Population Quiz – Q5) Number of elderly people will go down.
2) is the largest population.
3) Number of elderly people will increase in the future.

35. Population Quiz – Q6) Number of elderly people will go down.
2) Ageing population and a very low birth rate.
3) Example of a poor country

36. Task: Population Pyramids:
Describe each sector of each graph (label sheet)..
Extension Question:
What does the pyramid show?
What are the benefits of this?
What are the drawbacks of this?

37. Why do we get different population pyramids?
Thinking points:
Are all countries rich or poor?
Do some countries have a higher birth rate?

38. Analysing population pyramids
Key things to know about population pyramids
The shape of a population pyramid can tell us a lot about an area's population.
It gives us information about birth and death rates as well as life expectancy.
A population pyramid tells us how many dependants there are. There are two groups of dependants; young dependants (aged below 15) and elderly dependants (aged over 65).
Dependants rely upon the economically active for economic support.
Many LEDCs have a high number of young dependants, whilst many MEDCs have a growing number of elderly dependants.
How do pyramids change over time?
A population pyramid that is very triangular (eg Mozambique in 2000) shows a population with a high number of young dependants and a low life expectancy.
A population pyramid that has fairly straight sides (more like a barrel) shows a population with a falling birth rate and a rising life expectancy.
Over time, as a country develops, the shape changes from triangular to barrel-like.
Places with an ageing population and a very low birth rate would have a structure that looks like an upside-down pyramid.

39. Recap of work on DTM model and population pyramids showing how countries at different stages of the DTM model have different population structures.
Discuss how the dependency ratio in a country can be worked out from a population pyramid (number of children under 15 plus number of adults over 65 multiplied by 100 divided by number of adults between 16 and 64). Discuss the assumptions the dependency ratio appears to be based on.
Describe how sketch pyramids can be drawn to represent the four stages of the DTM. Hypothesise and draw a fifth stage.
Introduce the ideas behind the Rostow Model. Students illustrate the ideas with a diagram.
Students write a detailed, illustrated report describing and explaining how the population structure of a country changes shape as it becomes more economically developed.

40. Learning Outcome:
To be able to understand if there are patterns in a countries population.

41. Is there a pattern to how a country’s population changes over time?
Draw and label an outline of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM). Label and explain what the graph shows
Apply the DTM to an LEDC e.g. Sierre Leone and an MEDC e.g. UK. Research task.