1. Cellular Respiration pp. 77 to 82

2. What is it? A process to convert glucose to ATP in order to obtain energy Occurs in all organisms (plants and animals) –Plants continue their quest to get food (glucose is made in photosynthesis. Cellular respiration continues the process) Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Chemical Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 O 36 ATP

3. Types of Cellular Respiration 1.Aerobic cellular respiration Uses oxygen in process Makes large # of ATP molecules Primary process for humans 2.Anaerobic cellular respiration No oxygen is used Makes small # of ATP molecules

4. Aerobic Respiration 1.Glycolysis (in cytoplasm) A molecule of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) is broken two into 2 molecules of pyruvate (C 3 H 6 O 3 ). Energy is released (2 ATP) 2.Oxidative Respiration (in mitochondria) The 2 pyruvates react with 6 molecules of O 2 (that is inhaled) to make 6 molecules of CO 2 and 6 molecules of water. Energy is released (34 ATP).

5. Oxidative respiration 36 ATP total!

6. Anaerobic Respiration No oxygen, but ATP still can be made from glucose in a special way! Occurs in cytoplasm of cell. 1.Ethanol Fermentation (bread, liquor, soy sauce, etc) 2.Lactic Acid Fermentation (heavy exercise)

7. 1.Glycolysis - Glucose broken down into 2 pyruvate. Energy is released (2 ATP). 2.Enzyme converts the 2 pyruvates to CO 2 and ethanol. Baking bread  yeast eats the glucose in flour and expels CO 2 and ethanol (sweet smell). Ethanol evaporates when baked. Alcohol  yeast eats glucose in sugary grape juice and expels CO 2 and ethanol. Ethanol Fermentation

8. Lactic Acid Fermentation When working out, humans convert glucose into ATP to get energy to sustain workout. Glucose broken down into 2 pyruvates. Energy is released (2 ATP). Eventually, oxygen cannot keep up with demands of glucose conversion (there is just not enough oxygen for this amount of energy needed) Enzyme in muscle cells convert the 2 pyruvates into lactic acid The more lactic acid, the more sore/stiff your muscles are.

9. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic With oxygen Occurs in mitochondria of cell 36 ATP molecules made More efficient Plants, animals use this No oxygen Occurs in cytoplasm of cell 2 ATP molecules made Less efficient Simple organisms (yeast, bacteria, etc) use this; humans doing heavy exercise