1. BEAMS,COLUMS AND LINTELS
Beams is a member of a , carrying traverse loads . Beams is rectangular in cross-section. Beams carry the roof slab . R.C.C., Pre-stressed concrete and steel I-section are used as beams to support the slabs.

2. TYPES OF BEAMS SIMLY SUPPORTED BEAM FIXED BEAM CANTILEVER BEAM
CONTINOUS BEAM
OVERHANGING BEAM

3. simply supported beam
It is a beam supported at the two ends on walls or columns. In actual practise no beam rests freely on the supports without fixing on the supports. Moment is not a induced at the supports . Since it allows rotation.
Hence no beam is practically simply supported.

4. Fixed
This beam is like the cantilever beam, except that is has two anchor points on the ends. It will not move or rotate at the fulcrum of its attached supports. There are many examples of this kind of beam in steel and wood structures.

5. Cantilever
This type of support beam is one that has an anchor point at one end only. The other end of this beam is unattached and hangs free. An example is a hoist bar or pulley beam that extends from a barn or home.

6. Continuous
A continuous beam is one that extends beyond two supports. A flooring joist which passes through three support structures is considered a continuous beam. These are used in homes and other wood buildings.

7. OVERHANGIG BEAM
ITS EXTENDS BEYOND THE WALL SUPPORT . OVERHANGING OF THE BEAM IS THE UNSUPPORTED PORTION OF THE BEAM. IT MAY BE ONE SIDE OR BOTH THE SIDES OF THE SUPPORT.

8. COLUMNS
A column or pillar in structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.

9. A column is an upright pillar or post
A column is an upright pillar or post. Columns may support a roof or a beam, or they can be purely decorative.

10. LONG COLUMNS
If the ratio of the effective length to the least lateral dimension of the column is > 12, the column is known as long column

11. SHORT COLUMN
IF THE RATIO OF THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH TO THE LEAST LATERAL DIMENSION IS < 12 IA KNOWN AS SHORT COLUMN

12. INTERMEDIATE COLUMN
COLUMN WITH LENGTH THAT IS BETWEEN THE SHORT AND LONG COLUMN IS CALLED INTERMEDIATE COLUMN

13. lintels
Lintel is a short beam with its ends built into a wall. It is a horizontal structural member placed over small openings of the wall for door, window ,cupboard and etc,.

14. CLASSIFICATION OF LINTELS TIMBER LINTELS
It is made up of hard wood like teak. It is embedded into the masonry wall at its ends . These lintels are poor in strength, non –fire resistant and liable to be attacked by white ants. Cost of timber is also high. Therefore , these lintels are not used.

15. STONE LINTELS
IT CONTISTS OF CHISEL-DRESSED STONE SLABS EITHER A SINGLE PIECE OR MORE THAN A PIECE.
IT IS USED IN STONE MASONARY STUCTURES SUCH AS TEMPLE , ETC.

16. BRICK LINTELS
Brick lintels consists of brick placed on end or on edge. Brick are weak in strength. Hence they can be used for light loads.

17. STEEL LINTELS
Steel lintels use rolled steel joists or channel sections. Steel lintels are used for large openings and heavy loads.
Rolled steel joists are embedded in concrete to
Increase its width to match with the width of the wall and
Proctect from rust and corrosion.

18. R.C.C LINTELS Advantages
Highly durable , strong ,rigid , easy to form and fire proof . These are economical and simple in construction.

19. R.C.C LINTELS USES SPAN LENGTH OF OPENINGS CARRYING ANY LOAD
THESE ARE COMMONLY USED NOW A DAYS,REPLACING PRACTICALLY ALL OTHER MATERIALS BY LINTEL.