1. Ankle and Foot Joint Anatomy and Physiology of Human Movement 420:050

2. Ankle and Foot Joints Complex 26 bones ~ 30 joints > 20 muscles Simplification Tarsals Extrinsic muscles only 9 joints

3. Objectives 1. Be able to identify the bones of the ankle and foot joints. 2. Be able to identify the joints of the ankle and foot 3. Be able to identify the landmarks of the lower tibia and lower fibula 4. Be able to identify and describe the movements of the ankle and foot joints 5. Be able to identify and describe the general attachments (distal/proximal), and movements of the ankle joint muscles

4. Ankle and Foot Joint Bones Tibia Fibula Talus Calcaneus Tarsals (5) Metatarsals (5) Proximal phalanges (5) Middle phalanges (4) Distal phalanges (5)

5. Tibia Fibula Talus Calcaneus Tarsals Metatarsals Interosseus membrane

6. Proximal phalanges Middle phalanges Distal phalanges

7. Objectives 1. Be able to identify the bones of the ankle and foot joints 2. Be able to identify the joints of the ankle and foot 3. Be able to identify the landmarks of the lower tibia and lower fibula 4. Be able to identify and describe the movements of the ankle and foot joints 5. Be able to identify and describe the general attachments (distal/proximal), and movements of the ankle joint muscles

8. Ankle and Foot Joints Talocrural joint (ankle) Uniaxial hinge Subtalar joint Gliding/nonaxial Transverse tarsal joints Gliding/nonaxial Intertarsal joints Gliding/nonaxial Tarsometatarsal joints Gliding/nonaxial Metatarsophalangeal joints Biaxial ball and socket Proximal interphalangeal joints Little toes – Uniaxial hinge Distal interphalangeal joints Little toes – Uniaxial hinge Interphalangeal joint Big toe – Uniaxial hinge

9. Talocrural joint Subtalar joint Plantar/dorsiflexion Sagittal, ML axis Eversion/inversion Frontal plane AP axis

10. Transverse tarsal joints Intertarsal joints Tarsometatarsal joints Metatarsophalangeal joints Proximal interphalangeal joints Distal interphalangeal joints Interphalangeal joint

11. Objectives 1. Be able to identify the bones of the ankle and foot joints 2. Be able to identify the joints of the ankle and foot 3. Be able to identify the landmarks of the lower tibia and lower fibula 4. Be able to identify and describe the movements of the ankle and foot joints 5. Be able to identify and describe the general attachments (distal/proximal), and movements of the ankle joint muscles

12. Bony Landmarks Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus

13. Objectives 1. Be able to identify the bones of the ankle and foot joints 2. Be able to identify the joints of the ankle and foot 3. Be able to identify the landmarks of the lower tibia and lower fibula 4. Be able to identify and describe the movements of the ankle and foot joints 5. Be able to identify and describe the general attachments (distal/proximal), and movements of the ankle joint muscles

14. Ankle and Foot Joint Movements Flexion/Extension Talocrural joint (plantar/dorsiflexion) Proximal interphalangeal joints Distal interphalangeal joints Interphalangeal joint Metatarsophalangeal joints (Biaxial B+S) Inversion/Eversion Subtalar joint Transverse tarsal joints Abduction/Adduction/Circumduction Metatarsophalangeal joints (Biaxial B+S)