1. ANTIBIOTICS Dr.Tawfeq A. Al-Howiriny Associate Professor talhowiriny@yahoo.com

2. The cephalosporin Antibiotics History : -1940, Pen G was effective mostly against Gram + ve -1940, Pen G was effective mostly against Gram + ve - Gram – ve bacteria + fungus, antibiotic effective against G-ve - The best place is sewage outlet cephalosporium acremonium

3. The cephalosporin Antibiotics General properties : - There are no natural cephalosporin ABs - Cephalosporin C is not used clinically - All cephalosporin ABs are semisynthetic - Time is not considered in these names i.e 1 st, 2 nd … but it depends on the properties of each drug

4. First Gen. ceph. - Lack cephase resistance, used only in community acquired infections - Their antimicrobial spectra are the same as ampicillin with the following differences: A- Penicillinase resistant B- Don not cross BBB- not used in meningitis C- Not potent enough against N.gonorrhea - Not active against H.influenzae ( 2nd )

5. First Gen. ceph. - Not active against P.aeurogenosa ( 3rd ) - - Active against Klebsiella pneumoniae ( All) - - Limited cross allerginicity with penicillins ( 8%)