1. Timeline of Ancient Egypt

2. Old Kingdom Pharaohs had all government & Religious Power
The Pharaoh was a landlord and rented out land to the nobles
Pyramids were built to protect the dead
Hieroglyphics told the pharaoh’s story
Sphinx was a monument that represents the pharaoh as Ra, the sun god.

3. Reasons For Decline:
Collected taxes, but pyramids were still too costly
Pharaohs began to lose authority over nomes
Crops failed and people suffered

4. Middle Kingdom A noble named Amenemhet I became pharaoh
He gave power back to Pharaoh
Moved capital to Thebes
Arts and literature flourished
Successful war against Nubia
Trade was successful

5. Reasons for Decline: Weak dynasties
Hyksos Warriors: Rulers of the uplands, who used horses, chariots, and bronze weapons. They destroyed temples, art burned cities. They invaded Egypt.

6. New Kingdom Egyptian Pharaohs drove out Hyksos Warriors
The Egyptians created a standing army of charioteers, bowman and foot soldiers.
Hatshepsut

7. Reasons for Decline: Small invasions
The peace treaty between Hittites & Ramses II caused Egypt to lose some dominance
Ramses III was defeated by wave of people of the sea
Fell under Persia
Alexander the Great occupied Egypt and Cleopatra became the last pharaoh
Defeated in naval battle against Rome and became a Roman Empire