1. Computer Software

2. Learning Objectives
Describe several important trends occurring in computer software.
Give examples of several major types of application and system software.
Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.
Outline the functions of an operating system.
Describe the main uses of software programming languages and tools.

3. Application software for end users
Types of software
Application software
System software
Application software for end users
Application-specific
General-purpose
Perform common information processing jobs
Sometimes known as productivity packages

4. Suites are a number of productivity packages bundled together
Software Suites and Integrated Packages
Suites are a number of productivity packages bundled together
Microsoft Office
Lotus SmartSuite
Corel WordPerfect Office
Sun StarOffice

5. Software Suites and Integrated Packages (continued)
Advantages of suites
Cost
Similar graphical user interface
Share common tools
Programs are designed to work together
Disadvantages of suites
Large size
Many features never used by many end users

6. Integrated Packages Software Suites and Integrated Packages
(continued)
Integrated Packages
Combine SOME of the features of several programs
Cannot do as much as individual packages or suites

7. Web Browsers
Key software interface to the hyperlinked resources of the World Wide Web and the rest of the Internet
Internet Explorer
Netscape Communicator

8. E-Mail Instant Messaging Electronic Mail and Instant Messaging
Has changed the way people work and communicate
Instant Messaging
An /computer conferencing hybrid technology
Allows real time communication/collaboration

9. Word Processing and Desktop Publishing
Has computerized the creation, editing, revision, and printing of documents.
Advanced features
Desktop Publishing
Design and print newsletters, brochures, manuals, and books

10. Used for business analysis, planning, and modeling
Electronic Spreadsheets
Used for business analysis, planning, and modeling
Involves designing its format and developing the relationships (formulas)

11. Helps convert numeric data into graphic displays
Presentation Graphics
Helps convert numeric data into graphic displays
Helps prepare multimedia presentations
Easy to use

12. For end user productivity and collaboration
Personal Information Managers
For end user productivity and collaboration
Store, organize, and retrieve information
Information about customers
Appointments
Contact lists
Task lists
Schedules

13. Collaboration software
Groupware
Collaboration software
Helps workgroups and teams work together to accomplish group assignments
Combines a variety of software features and functions
Discussion groups and databases
Scheduling
Task management
Audio and videoconferencing
Data sharing

14. System Software Overview
Programs that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities
Serves as the software interface between computer networks and hardware and the application programs of end users

15. Two major categories System management programs
System Software Overview (continued)
Two major categories
System management programs
Operating systems
Network management programs
Database management systems
System utilities
System development programs
Programming language translators & editors
CASE (computer-aided software engineering)

16. Integrated system of programs that
Operating Systems
Integrated system of programs that
Manages the operations of the CPU
Controls the input/output and storage resources and activities of the computer system
Provides various support services as the computer executes application programs

17. Performs five basic functions
Operating Systems (continued)
Performs five basic functions
Provides a user interface
Allows humans to communicate with the computer
Command-driven
Menu-driven
Graphical user interface

18. Five basic functions (continued)
Operating Systems (continued)
Five basic functions (continued)
Resource management
Manages the hardware and networking resources of the system
Virtual memory capability

19. Five basic functions (continued)
Operating Systems (continued)
Five basic functions (continued)
File management
Controls the creation, deletion, and access of files of data and programs
Keeps track of the physical location of files

20. Five basic functions (continued)
Operating Systems (continued)
Five basic functions (continued)
Task management
Manages the accomplishment of the computing tasks of end users
Multitasking
Multiprogramming
Timesharing

21. Operating Systems (continued)
Popular Operating Systems
Windows
95, 98, ME NT
2000 XP
Popular operating systems (continued)
UNIX
Linux
Mac OS X

22. Database Management Systems
Controls the development, use, and maintenance of databases.
Helps organizations use their integrated collections of data records and files
Allows different user application programs to easily access the same database
Simplifies the process of retrieving information from databases

23. Other System Management Programs
Utility Programs
Perform miscellaneous housekeeping and file conversion functions
Data backup
Data recovery
Virus protection
Data compression
Data defragmentation
Performance monitors and security monitors

24. Programming Languages
Allows a programmer to develop the sets of instructions that constitute a computer program
Machine Language
First generation language
Written using binary codes unique to each computer

25. Assembler Language Programming Languages (continued) Second generation
Requires language translator programs called assemblers
Allows a computer to convert the instructions into machine instructions
Frequently called symbolic language

26. High-level Languages Programming Languages (continued)
Third generation
Uses instructions, called statements, that use brief statements or arithmetic expressions
Uses translator programs called compilers or interpreters
Syntax and semantics

27. Fourth-generation Languages (4GLs)
Programming Languages (continued)
Fourth-generation Languages (4GLs)
More nonprocedural and conversational than prior languages
Natural languages
Ease of use gained at the expense of some loss in flexibility

28. Object-Oriented Languages (OOP)
Programming Languages (continued)
Object-Oriented Languages (OOP)
Ties data elements to the procedures or actions that will be performed on them into “objects”
Easier to use and more efficient for programming GUIs

29. Helps programmers develop computer programs Two basic categories
Programming Software
Helps programmers develop computer programs
Two basic categories
Programming language translators
Programming tools

30. Language Translator Programs
Programming Software (continued)
Language Translator Programs
Assembler
Translates symbolic instruction codes into machine language instructions
Compiler
Translates high-level language statements
Interpreter
Translates and executes each statement in a program one at a time

31. Programming Tools Programming Software (continued)
Programming editors and debuggers
Provides a computer-aided programming environment
Code generators
Libraries of reusable objects & code

32. The End