1. RISE OF THE DICTATORS

2. Totalitarism one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of the lives of its citizens

3. Terror –SECRET POLICE –CENSORSHIP –NO CAN SPEAK OUT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

4. PROPAGANDA –Movies, schools, factories. –Messages all about good of the government –Evils of west and capitalism

5. Nationalism Increase of the dedication to ones country above all else Religion –ATHIESTISM Official religion

6. Persecution –Hebrews –Islam –Catholics –None were spared

7. Stalin Mussolini Hitler Franco

8. FACIST ITALY Fascism extreme right winged ideology based on total control of people through fear, force and censorship

10. Monarchy in Italy Unable to solve problems unemployment Weak economy

11. Benito Mussolini Extreme Nationalist Formed Fascist Party Opposed to communism Appealed to upper and middle class

12. Mussolini stressed Ownership of private property Cooperation between workers and management Return of Rome to glory (Nationalism)

13. Black Shirts Mussolini secret police Waged a violent campaign against Communists and Socialists Used violence as tactic to suppress oppositions and strikes

14. King refused to declare martial law Mussolini was named Premier Became a dictator

15. Appointed Fascists to all positions in government Mussolini quickly –Banned all political parties –Suspended all basic liberties –Kept unions under his control

16. Italy became a police state Government based on economic activity 22 corporations met to establish wages and prices

17. Italy is now in firm control of Mussolini and Fascists

18. Stalin

19. Tactics Fear Eliminated religion –Seized Orthodox property –Persecuted religious leaders

20. Churches turned into public buildings New Constitution APPEARED TO BE DEMOCRATIC

21. Supreme Soviet met twice a year –Elected Politburo –Council of Ministers –Executive and administrative power

22. Real power was held by a few leaders who were led by Stalin

23. Stalin enacted a purge Eliminated party members Who were accused of being against his policies

24. Purged Intellectuals Army officials Union leaders and members Purge then expanded to the general public

25. By 1939 5 to 8 million people had been arrested, deported, imprisoned in labor camps or executed by Stalin

26. Stalin wanted other countries in Europe to accept USSR Wanted to spread Communism throughout Europe

27. Germany 1919 Treaty of Versailles New government called the Weimar Republic Kaiser had left In city of Weimar new government formed

28. Great Depression Stock Market Crash of 1929 –Speculation –Caused panic and run on banks world wide –Unemployment was high

29. Germany in economic depression Unemployment high inflation Blamed initially on the Weimar government Unemployment rose from 2 million in 1930 to 6 million in 1932

30. Rival factions tried to control Germany Fascist and Communists

31. Nazi Party National Socialist German Worker Party

32. Extremely Nationalistic Anti Semitic Anti communist Promised to protect Germany from Communism

33. Adolph Hitler in prison wrote Mien Kamph (My Struggle) how to take power legally

34. Stressed Nationalism Purity of the Arian race (total elimination of the Jews) He was a charismatic, great speaker

35. Depression and civil unrest caused workers to drift to Nazi message Von Hindenburg leader of Germany old and weak

37. Nazi gained seats in Reichstag slowly and Hitler became leader Von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor 1933 Reichstag burned Hitler blamed it on the Communists

39. Took title of Der Fuhrer Turned Germany into a Police state

40. Revived economy in early 1930’s Government projects –Roads –Houses –Forrest restoration –Rebuild military and weapons

41. Banned unions Opposition Newspapers political parties

42. Brown Shirts Gestapo Secret Police

43. Hitler now went after his Master Race Elimination of Jewish, handicapped, mentally inferior gypsies

44. Jews were blamed for all of Germanys’ problems Loss in WWI Treaty of Versailles Became Hitler’s scapegoat Identified by yellow star

45. Hitler called his rule Third Reich 1 st Holy Roman Empire 2 nd Hohenzollern Empire 3 rd Hitler reign would be for a thousand years