1. Imaging Informatics and PACS
Dr.Metab Alkubeyyer
Consultant body MRI
and
Imaging Informaticist

2. IMAGING INFORMATICS
Imaging informatics (previously called radiology informatics) is sometimes thought of as the study of how images get from one place to another, but in reality imaging informatics has a much larger scope.

3. IMAGING INFORMATICS
One of the major components of imaging informatics is PACS (picture archiving and communication system).

4. DICOM Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine
is a standard for handling, storing, printing, and transmitting information in medical imaging. It includes a file format definition and a network communications protocol.

5. TECHNIQCAL STANDARD ?

9. American College of Radiology (ACR)
National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA)

11. What is the Goal of DICOM?
The goals of DICOM are to achieve compatibility and to improve workflow efficiency between imaging systems and other information systems in healthcare environments worldwide.

12. CT MRI ENDOSCOPY ECG HIS/EMR RIS PACS Image archive (store)
DICOM
DICOM
DICOM
DICOM
HIS/EMR
HL7
RIS
HL7
PACS
DICOM
Image archive (store)
Image distribution.
Image visualization
Image analysis.
Order entry
Document review
Scheduling
Modality assignment
Radiographer and Radiologist assignment
Room assignment
Radiology reports
Receiving orders from HIS
Inventory radiology system
KPI
Scheduling

13. Why can’t

15. PACS
a network of computers used by radiology departments that replaces film with electronically stored and displayed digital images. It provides archives for storage of multimodality images, integrates images with patient database information, facilitates laser printing of images, and displays both images and patient information at work stations throughout the network. It also allows viewing of images in remote locations.

17. PACS main uses
Hard copy replacement: no more papers and printing radiology films. Digital images and text are used (soft copy)
Remote access: Teleradioogy. Telemedicine. Access from home
Electronic image integration platform: HIS, RIS, EMR
Radiology Workflow Management

18. PACS and ITS PARTS
Monitors
Network
Storage
Supporting software

19. PACS and ITS PARTS 1)Monitors: CRTs and LCDs.
Resoulution: how many mega pixel.
e.g viewing mammograms need at least 5 megapixel.
Quality assurance: Gamma correction.

20. CRT and LCD

21. PACS and ITS PARTS 2)Networks Client and servers Routers, switches
Storage devices.

22. Networks types LAN (Local area Netwrok): e.g Inside hospital network
VPN (Virtual private network):
For teleradiology or telemedicine services and support.

24. Network
Bandwidth: depends on medium of data transfer. Fiberoptic , cables, leased line
Security.

25. 3) Storage types:
spinning disks (eg, hard drive)
magnetic tape (eg, audio cassettes),
optical media (eg, compact discs and digital video discs), and solid-state (eg, USB [universal serial bus] flash memory cards)
Most PACSuse combinations of these.

26. STORAGE Can be long term or short term.
Most PACS use either magnetic tape or spinning disks(hard disk) for long-term storage.
Magnetic Tape
Hard disk
Cost
Cheap
Expensive
Time Retrival
Long
short

27. STORAGE
Redundancy:
refers to storage of multiple copies of imaging data.
A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) is the most frequently-used redundancy system in PACS storage

28. PACS supporting softwares
Speech Recognition
Digital Teaching Files . e.g The Medical Imaging Resource Center (MIRC)
Image Processing: e.g CAD, 3d visualization, dual energy subtraction.
Asynchronous Communication Tools. s, instant messaging, SMS

30. Besides PACS
Radiology Information System (RIS): for scheduling patients, storing reports, and patient tracking;
Hospital information system,(HIS), which keeps track of patient demographic data and locations.
Electronic Medical Record (EMR): to organize all medical data from an entire enterprise.

31. Thanks