1. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

2. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
MACROEVOLUTION
THE MAJOR CHANGES IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE
THE FOSSIL RECORD CHRONICLES (PROVIDES A TIMELINE) FOR THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE
GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE
PROVIDES A SEQUENCE OF FOSSILS AND AN OVERVIEW OF MACROEVOLUTION OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS

3. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
THE ACTUAL AGES OF ROCKS AND FOSSILS MARK GEOLOGIC TIME
RADIOMETRIC DATING
BASED ON THE MEASUREMENT OF CERTAIN RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES
EXAMPLE???

4. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
CONTINENTAL DRIFT HAS PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN MACROEVOLUTION
“PANGEA” UNTIL PRESENT
EXPLAINS THE DISTRIBUTION ACROSS GREAT GEOGRAPHICAL BARRIERS

5. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
PLATE TECTONICS PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN MACROEVOLUTION
FORCES WITHIN THE EARTH THAT FORCE THE MOVEMENT OF EARTH’S CRUST
CAN RESULT IN VOLCANOES AND EARTHQUAKES, WHICH CAN LEAD TO MASS EXTINCTIONS
MASS EXTINCTIONS ARE ALMOST ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY HUGE DIVERSIFICATION OF LIFE-FORMS
EXAPTATIONS
REFERS TO A STRUCTURE THAT EVOLVED FOR ONE CONTEXT, BUT LATER WAS ADAPTED TO ANOTHER FUNCTION (SUCH ADAPTATIONS ARE KEY FOR DIVERSIFICATION AFTER MASS EXTINCTIONS)

6. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
PHYLOGENETIC TREES STRIVE TO REPRESENT EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

7. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
PHYLOGENY  EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF A GROUP OF ORGANIMS
PHYLOGENETIC TREES  DIAGRAMS THAT TRACE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AS BEST AS CAN BE DETERMINED
BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC SIMILARITIES!!

8. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
CLASSIFICATION, OR TAXONOMY, IS BASED ON PHYLOGENY
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE IS THE RESULT OF PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES

9. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
PHYLOGENETIC TREES ARE BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC SIMILARITY
PHENOTYPIC SIMILARITY
HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES VS ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION VS DIVERGENT EVOLUTION

10. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
PHYLOGENETIC TREES ARE BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC SIMILARITY
GENETIC SIMILARITY IS BASED ON AMINO ACID, DNA, AND RNA SEQUENCES
MORE SIMILAR SEQUENCES SUGGEST MORE COMMON ANCENSTRY

11. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
PHYLOGENETIC TREES ARE BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENETIC SIMILARITY
***MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IS USED FOR ORGANISMS BELIEVED TO BE MORE RECENTLY RELATED***
IN ADDITION, THERE IS BELIEVED TO BE A “MOLECULAR CLOCK”
A RELATIVELY CONSTANT RATE OF GENETIC CHANGE, THAT SUGGESTS A TIMELINE OF EVOLUTION

12. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
CLADOGRAMS VS PHYLOGENETIC TREES
CLADOGRAM  A PHYLOGENETIC TREE BASED ON CLADISTICS
CLADES  EVOLUTIONARY BRANCES THAT CONSIST OF AN ANCESTRAL SPECIES AND ALL OF ITS DESCENDANTS

13. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
CLADOGRAM OF ALL LIFE!!
IT’S A WORK IN PROGRESS!
3 DOMAIN SYSTEM 
WHAT ABOUT THE 5 - KINGDOM SYSTEM??

14. TRACING EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
YOU KNOW, ALL THIS TALK ABOUT ORGANISMS CHANGING IS ALL WELL, AND GOOD…BUT UUMM, WHERE DID THE VERY FIRST LIVING THING COME FROM? I MEAN, DID IT JUST FALL OUT OF THE SKY? HOW CAN YOU HAVE EVOLUTION WITHOUT LIFE TO BEGIN WITH? NEXT CHAPTER  THE ORIGIN OF LIFE!!!