1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

2. Tramaine Curtis Phinecia Bright Teonia Burton Diana Medina Cherlyne
Presenters:
Tramaine Curtis
Phinecia Bright
Teonia Burton
Diana Medina
Cherlyne

3. Target Group:
Child Bearing Women between the ages of

4. What is a STI?
Commonly known as "sexual transmitted diseases," these include any of various infections that are usually contracted through sexual intercourse or other intimate sexual contact.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines MMWR 2002;51(no. RR-6).

5. How is it Contracted?
Sexually transmitted infections can be contracted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, genital contact, anal, oral, vaginal-penile sex, and/or sharing dirty needles.
All it takes is one fluid and one opening to equal risk.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines MMWR 2002;51(no. RR-6).

6. In addition,
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are over 15 million cases of sexually transmitted disease cases reported annually in the United States.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), formally known as Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact.
Koutsky LA, Kiviat NB. Genital human papillomavirus. In: K. Holmes, P. Sparling, P. Mardh et al (eds). Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999, p

7. STIs in Women
Women are much more vulnerable biologically, culturally, socioeconomically.
Most STIs are asymptomatic in women.
Consequences of STIs very serious in women, sometime fatal and in their babies.
© World Health Organization All rights reserved

8. STIs in Women
Women tend not to seek treatment, in addition to having no symptoms, more stigma is attached to STIs in women.
There is often no time nor money for health care.

9. Signs & Symptoms The most common manifestation of HPV is warts.
This includes warts on skin such as plantar warts or common warts, and warts in the genital area, known as genital warts.
Many types of HPV do not cause warts or any symptom.
Koutsky LA, Kiviat NB. Genital human papillomavirus. In: K. Holmes, P. Sparling, P. Mardh et al (eds). Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999, p

10. Signs & Symptoms
Some types of HPV can cause genital warts, which may be associated with discomfort such as itching, burning, or tenderness in the genital area.
However, most women with sexually transmitted HPV do not have any symptoms at all.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines MMWR 2002;51(no. RR-6).

11. Treatment
There is no treatment that is effective against the HPV itself. Women with warts may be treated with agents designed to reduce or remove the warts, including creams, oral medications, or surgery.
In women who have HPV with no symptoms, the infection usually goes away without treatment, although infection with the higher HPV risk linger.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines MMWR 2002;51(no. RR-6).

12. Chlamydia
Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States.
An estimated 2.8 million Americans are infected with chlamydia each year.
Center for Disease Control. (2004). Chlamydia-STD Fact Sheet. CDC Fact Sheet.
Retrieved 10/06/05.

13. Signs and Symptoms
Women who have symptoms might have an abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating.
When the infection spreads from the cervix to the fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus).
Center for Disease Control. (2003). Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2003 Supplement. Chlamydia Prevalence Monitoring Project Annual Report 2003.

14. In addition,
Some women still have no signs or symptoms; others have lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods.
If symptoms do occur, they usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure.
Center for Disease Control. (2004). Chlamydia-STD Fact Sheet. CDC Fact Sheet. Retrieved 10/06/05.

15. Treatment
If you are infected with C. trachomatis, your doctor or other health care worker will probably give you a prescription for an antibiotic such as azithromycin (taken for one day only) or doxycycline (taken for seven days) to treat people with chlamydial infection. Or, you might get a prescription for another antibiotic such as erythromycin or ofloxacin.
Center for Disease Control. (2004). Chlamydia-STD Fact Sheet. CDC Fact Sheet. Retrieved 10/06/05.

16. Gonorrhea
CDC estimates that more than 700,000 persons in the U.S. get new gonorrheal infections each year.
Only about half of these infections are reported to CDC.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines MMWR 2002;51(no. RR-6).

17. Signs & Symptoms
The symptoms of gonorrhea are often mild, but most women who are infected have no symptoms.
The initial symptoms and signs in women include a painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines MMWR 2002;51(no. RR-6).

18. Signs & Symptoms
Women with gonorrhea are at risk of developing serious complications from the infection, regardless of the presence or severity of symptoms.
Gonorrhea is a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). About one million women each year in the United States develop PID.

19. Treatment
Several antibiotics can successfully cure gonorrhea in adolescents and adults. However, drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea are increasing in many areas of the world, including the United States, and successful treatment of gonorrhea is becoming more difficult.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines MMWR 2002;51(no. RR-6).

20. In addition,
Because many people with gonorrhea also have chlamydia, another sexually transmitted disease, antibiotics for both infections are usually given together. Persons with gonorrhea should be tested for other STDs.

21. Herpes
HSV type 2 is the usual cause of genital herpes, but it also can infect the mouth. A person who has genital herpes infection can easily pass or transmit the virus to an uninfected person during sex.
Crooks, R., & Baur, K.  (2002). Sexually Transmitted Diseases.  Our Sexuality, 8,  Wadsworth Group Pacific Grove, CA

22. Furthermore,
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 45 million people in the United States ages 12 and older, or 1 out of 5 of the total adolescent and adult population, are infected with HSV-2.

23. Genital herpes — Initial visits to physicians’ offices: United States, 1966–2003
SOURCE: National Disease and Therapeutic Index (IMS Health)

24. Signs & Symptoms
Itching or burning feeling in the genital or anal area
Pain in the legs, buttocks, or genital area
Discharge of fluid from the vagina
Feeling of pressure in the abdomen
Crooks, R., & Baur, K.  (2002). Sexually Transmitted Diseases.  Our Sexuality, 8,  Wadsworth Group Pacific Grove, CA

25. Signs & Symptoms
Within a few days, sores appear near where the virus has entered the body, such as on the mouth, penis, or vagina. They also can occur inside the vagina and on the cervix in women, or in the urinary passage of women and men. Small red bumps appear first, develop into blisters, and then become painful open sores. The sores crust and heal without leaving a scar.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)

26. Treatment
Although there is no cure for genital herpes, your health care worker might prescribe one of three medicines to treat it as well as to help prevent future episodes.
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Famciclovir (Famvir)
Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
Recently, the Food and Drug Administration approved Valtrex for use in preventing transmission of genital herpes.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)

28. HIV/AIDS HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
When a person with an HIV-weakened immune system has a T cell count below 200 or 14%, that person may be diagnosed by a doctor as having AIDS.
Centers for Disease Control. (2002). Heterosexual transmission of HIV-29 states, Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 53(6),

29. Furthermore,
According to the CDC, minority women are one of the fastest growing populations affected by HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS ranks among the top three leading causes of death for women aged % of the HIV/AIDS cases occurred in women in 2003.
Centers for Disease Control. (2004). HIV transmission among Black women- North Carolina, Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 54(4), 89-94

30. Signs & Symptoms rapid weight loss dry cough
recurring fever or profuse night sweats
profound and unexplained fatigue
swollen lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck
diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
white spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the throat.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)

31. Signs & Symptoms pneumonia
red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
memory loss, depression, and other neurological disorders
However, no one should assume they are infected if they have any of these symptoms.

32. Treatment
There is no cure for AIDS, which makes prevention so important. Combinations of antiviral drugs and drugs that boost the immune system have allowed many people with HIV to resist infections, stay healthy, and prolong their lives, but these medications are not a cure.

33. Treatment
Right now there is no vaccine to prevent HIV and AIDS, although researchers are working on developing one. At this time, doctors don't know of any way to rid the body of HIV. Once you've been infected, you have it for life.

34. Other Common STIs/STDs
There are more than 20 known sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
It is important to be tested for STDs if you are sexually active.
syphilis
trichomonas
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C

35. STI Prevention
The most reliable way to avoid transmission of STIs, is to abstain from sexual intercourse—vaginal, oral, or anal sex—or to be in a long term, monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner.

36. STI Prevention
Using condoms is the most effective way of preventing sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS or other STIs.
For oral sex, the best methods available are using a condom over the penis and using a dental dam, plastic wrap, or a cut-open condom to cover the vagina or anus.
Dual protection is the use of condoms combined with another contraceptive method to prevent STIs, HIV and pregnancy.

37. The End
That’s All Folks!!!!