1. First Aid Grade 10 First Aid Introduction & Choking Quiz= 30%
Participation/Practical= 70%

2. Disclaimer: DO NOT DO THIS!

3. Introduction to first aid
Objectives of First Aid:
Preserve Life
Prevent the illness or Injury from becoming worse
Promote Recovery
(3 P’s-Preserve, Prevent, Promote)

4. Who is a First aider?
First aider is someone who takes charge of an emergency scene and gives first aid. First Aiders do not diagnose or treat injuries or illness (except perhaps wen they are very minor) First Aiders suspect injuries and illnesses and gives first aid

5. What can a first aider do?
-Give First Aid
but they can also…
-protect the casualties belongings
-keep unnecessary people away
-reassure family and friends of the casualty
-Clean up the emergency scene and work to correct any unsafe conditions that may have cause the injury in the first place

6. First aid and the law
Two legal situations where you can perform First Aid: 1) May give first aid as a part of your job (ex. Lifeguard) 2) Passerby who see an emergency and wishes to help Once you begin to give first aid you are obligated to use reasonable skill and care based on your level of training

7. Safe first aid Review: #1 rule: Give first aid Safely!
3 types of Risk:
1) Energy source that causes the original Injury
2) Hazards from secondary or external factors
3) Hazard of the rescue or first aid procedures
Personal Protective Equipment
-Gloves
-Hand Washing
-Disposable Mask (for CPR

8. Emergency scene management (ESM)
4 Steps
Scene Survey
Primary Survey
Secondary Survey
Ongoing casualty care
(Note: Steps in CPR are different)
3= position casualty
4= CPR

9. Choking
A person chokes when the airway is partly or completely blocked and airflow to the lungs is reduced or cut off.
Causes of choking:
Foreign objects (ex. Button, coin, food, toys)
Unconscious casualty (ex. Tongue falls back in throat while lying down, or saliva, blood, vomit pools in the throat)
Injury or Illness (injury to the throat area that causes swelling, allergic reaction, or asthma)

10. Choking
Choking is a life threatening emergency. Signs of Choking: -Grabbing the throat
Mild Obstruction
Severe Obstruction
Able to speak
Not able to speak
Signs of distress (eyes look fearful)
Forceful coughing
weak or no coughing
Wheezing and gagging between coughs
High-pitched noise or no noise when trying to breathe
Reddish Face
Greyish face bluish lips

11. Steps to Follow for Choking
Begin ESM
If the casualty can cough forcefully, speak or breathe, do not touch them. Ask them to cough up the object. If you believe it to be severe, ask if they are choking
Stand behind them ready to support them if they become unconscious. Find correct Hand position and give Abdominal thrusts
…..

12. Abdominal thrust position
-Find the top of the hip bones -Place a foot between the casualty’s feet for a solid position -Place your fist midline, just above the other hand -Hold the fist with the other hand and press inward/upward with a sudden forceful thrust- this is an abdominal thrust

14. Steps to Follow for Choking
4) Keep giving abdominal thrusts until either the object is removed or the casualty becomes unconscious. 5) If the casualty is unconscious lower them to the floor, send someone for help 6) Open the mouth and look for any foreign matter. If you see something, remove it. Open airway and assess breathing 7) Try to breathe into the causualty’s mouth 8) Begin Chest Compressions (30) 9) Repeat Looking in the mouth, attempt to ventilate and give chest compressions

15. Conscious & Unconscious Choking (Adult)
Rescue Breathing:

16. Self-Help for Choking Don’t panic. Do not Isolate yourself!
Try to forcefully cough up the object. Do not let any one slap you in the back, it could force the object further into your airway.
Use either your hands or a piece of furniture
-Give yourself Abdominal thrusts
-Use a solid object like the back of a chair, table, edge of a counter. Position yourself so the object is just above your hips. Press forcefully to produce an abdominal thrust.

17. Exit Slip What are the 3 P’s (objectives of First Aid)?
What are the 4 steps to Emergence Scene Management (ESM)?
How do you find where to place your hands for Abdominal thrusts?