1. A Healthy Heart

2. Cardiovascular Basics

3. What is Cardiovascular Disease? A common term describing a group of diseases that cause a blockage of blood flow, affecting circulation in the heart, brain, eyes, kidneys, and legs.

4. Atherosclerosis Build up of plaque inside arteries Arteries become narrow Blood flow through arteries limited Less oxygen reaches body tissues

5. Coronary Artery Disease Usually a result of “hardening of the arteries” or arteriosclerosis. Can lead to: –Angina –Heart attack –Cardiomyopathy –Irregular heartbeats –Heart failure

6. Heart Failure Heart unable to pump sufficient blood to the body Likely to develop in people who have other types of heart disease

7. Stroke Artery to the brain becomes blocked Results in injury to the brain

8. Risk Factors for Heart Disease Diet Cholesterol High Blood Pressure Inactive Lifestyle Smoking Alcohol Stress

9. Diet An unhealthy diet high in fat and cholesterol increases risk Make healthy food choices

10. Cholesterol High level is a major risk for coronary heart disease, heart attack, & stroke A total cholesterol of <200 mg/dL will lower your risk A fasting “lipoprotein profile” will tell you your numbers

11. Desirable Cholesterol Numbers Total: less that 200 mg/dL LDL: less than 130 mg/dL HDL: 40-60 mg/dL or greater Source: American Heart Association

12. Factors for High Cholesterol Factors for High Cholesterol Diet high in fat and cholesterol Family history Excess weight Physical inactivity Age and gender

13. What Can You Do? Eat a diet low in fat and cholesterol Maintain a healthy weight Exercise

14. High Blood Pressure Makes heart work harder than normal Causes heart to enlarge and weaken Shows no specific warning signs (Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg).

15. Factors for High Pressure Family history Ethnicity Gender Age Heavy salt consumption Obesity Physical inactivity Heavy alcohol consumption Pregnancy Oral contraceptives

16. What Can You Do? Eat lots of fruits, vegetables Choose fat-free & low-fat dairy products Reduce sodium Drink alcohol in moderation Maintain a healthy weight Stay physically active

17. Inactive Lifestyle Physical inactivity combined with overeating, excess weight, & high blood cholesterol raise your risk of heart disease.

18. What Can You Do? American Heart Association recommends 30-60 minutes of physical activity on most days of the week Exercise helps to control –Blood cholesterol –Diabetes (blood sugar) –Obesity (weight) –Blood pressure

19. Smoking Doubles your risk of heart attack Reduces oxygen in blood Damages blood vessel walls Contributes to high blood pressure Contributes to low levels of HDL cholesterol

20. What Can You Do? If you smoke, get the help you need & QUIT!

21. Weight Excess body fat increases your risk for –High blood pressure –High blood cholesterol –High triglycerides –Diabetes –Heart disease

22. Your Body Mass Index (BMI) BMI values from 18.5 to 24.9 are healthy BMI of 25.0-29.9 – overweight BMI of 30.0 or greater – obese BMI of 40 or greater – extreme obesity

23. What Can You Do? If you are overweight, losing 10 to 20 pounds can help lower your heart disease risk. DIETExercise

24. Stress Handling stress poorly increases your risk of heart disease.

25. What Can You Do? Set realistic goals for yourself Reject excessive demands on your time Learn to cope –try relaxation –meditation –exercise –breathing techniques

26. Risk Factors You Can’t Control Age Gender –Men have greater risk beginning around age 45 –Women’s risk begins to increase at about age 55 –After menopause, more women die of heart attacks Ethnicity –African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, & Native Hawaiians have higher risk

27. Risk Factors You Can’t Control Family History –If immediate family member had heart attack before age 65 Diabetes –Greater chance of developing atherosclerosis –80% of diabetics die from cardiovascular disease –Requires special precautions

28. Warning Signs For A Heart Attack Uncomfortable chest pressure, squeezing or pain lasting for more than a few minutes Pain that spreads to shoulders, neck, arms Chest discomfort with –Lightheadedness –Sweating –Nausea –Fainting –Shortness of breath

29. Warning Signs For A Heart Attack Women may experience more subtle signs –Angina – chest pain –Difficulty catching breath –Fatigue –Swelling - especially ankles & lower legs

30. Warning Signs for Stroke Sudden weakness in arm, hand, or leg Loss of feeling on one side of face or body Sudden trouble seeing with one or both eyes Loss of balance or difficulty walking Confusion or difficulty talking Sudden, severe headaches

31. Think! Think about your current activities and lifestyle choices. Imagine yourself in 10 to 20 years from a health perspective. What do you look like? What changes do you need to make?

32. References Bullock, Carol. Your heart a user’s guide. American Heart Association. 2002. Anatomy of the human heart. (n.d.). Retrieved July 13 2005, from http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/anatomy2.html Coronary heart disease explained. (n.d.). Retrieved July 20, 2005, from Http://nhlbisupport.com/chd1/chdexp.htm Chronic disease fact sheet. (n.d.). Retrieved July 20, 2005,from http://www.health.ms.gov/msdhsite/index.cfm/43,116091,214,html Heart and stroke facts. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.americanheart.org. Springhouse Corporation Staff. (2005). Anatomy and physiology made incredibly easy. (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.