1. Chemistry of Organic Molecules
Chapter 3 Mader Biology

2. Organic Molecules Four Classes Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Nucleic Acids

3. The functional groups have various properties that make the molecule behave a certain way in solution
Organic Molecules
Organic molecules contain a carbon backbone with various functional groups attached

4. Pop Quiz… (Just for Fun!)
How well do you know your functional groups?

5. Macromolecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all macromolecules
Macromolecules are made from linking monomers into polymers through dehydration synthesis

6. Enzymes make it Happen
What is that!

7. Carbohydrates
Universally used as immediate energy, to make ATP during cellular respiration, but also play a structural role
Cellulose, structure in plants and the most abundant molecule on Earth
Broken Down for Energy

8. Dehydration synthesis/Hydrolysis
Disaccharide
Simple sugar
Polysaccharide

9. Carbohydrates
Alpha linkage can easily be broken down by humans and other animals but Beta linkage can only be broken down by certain bacteria
Alpha linkage
Beta linkage

10. Lipids A variety of organic molecules are classified as lipids
Insoluble in water
Fats, a type of lipid in animals, and oils, a type of lipid in plants, are used for energy storage
Phospholipids make up the bi-layers of membranes

11. Fats and Oils Made from the subunit molecules Glycerol and fatty acids
Known as a triglyceride

12. Phospholipids
Made from the subunit molecules phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
Compose the bulk of a cell membrane

13. Steroids
Composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups giving it different properties
Cholesterol freely floats around in the blood as a waxy substance
It is a precursor to the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen
It is integrated into all cell membranes as a lubricant
Cholesterol can be classified as LDL, “Bad Cholesterol”, and HDL “Good Cholesterol”
He must have good genes

14. Waxes Fatty acid bound to a long chain alcohol
Protect plants and animals

15. Proteins
Approximately 50% of the dry weight of a cell consists of protein
What are some of their functions in a cell?
Functions:
Support
Enzymes
Transport
Defense
Hormones
Motion

16. Proteins… How are they made?
Through transcription and translation which links the correct amino acids together in the correct sequence

17. Amino Acids… Building Blocks of Proteins

18. Protein Shape Proteins can have up to four levels of structure
Primary-Order of A.A.
Secondary-Hydrogen bonding between A.A.
Tertiary-Covalent bonding between R Groups
Quaternary-Two or more polypeptides join