1. FES THERAPY AFTER SCI: Functional, Physiological, Psychosocial, and Bioengineering Outcomes

2. Systems for Standing and Walking Janis Daly, PT, PhD FES in Children with SCI Therese Johnston, PT, PhD The Future: Biomedical Engineering in FES Technology Arthur Prochazka, PhD Wrap-up & Discussion Edelle Field-Fote, PT, PhD

3. Beyond simply being a mechanism to evoke a response… Electrical stimulation can induce neural plasticity… …because electrical stimulation speaks the language of the nervous system FES: stimulation to assist in the production of a functional activity

4. Green JB et al. Neurology. 1998;50:1115-21. Cortical Organization Becomes Abnormal after SCI

5. Cortical Mapping Hoffman LR, Field-Fote EC: Cortical reorganization following bimanual training and somatosensory stimulation in cervical spinal cord injury: a case report. Phys Ther. 2007;87:208-23.

6. Even those with greatest deficits benefit from training