1. Elkhorn Construction Inc.
SPOTTERS TRAINING
Elkhorn Construction Inc.

2. Definition
A spotter is someone trained to look.

3. Why we need Spotters in our industry
A spotter is necessary when the driver/operator does not have a full view of the working area and need someone to direct him/her.
Not only if is there the possibility of injuring someone, but of causing property damage

4. Fatalities/Injuries Potentially Averted Annually by New Standard
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, OSHA, Office of Regulatory Analysis

5. Equipment Fatalities by Age Group
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

6. Industries Where Powered Industrial Truck Accidents Occurred
Source: OSHA Fatality/Catastrophe Reports, complied by OSHA Office of Electrical/Electronic and
Mechanical Engineering Safety Standards.

7. Industries Where Powered Industrial Truck Accidents Occurred
BEING STRUCK BY, OR CAUGHT IN- BETWEEN, ARE TWO OF THE LEADING CAUSE OF INJURIES AND FATALITIES ON CONSTRUCTION SITES!
STRUCK BY (22%)
CAUGHT IN-BETWEEN (18%)

8. Vehicle / Heavy Equipment Danger Zone
Heavy Equipment is an essential part of most industry around the world. However, statistics indicate that they also present a very significant hazard to people occupying the same workspace, since injuries can be severe or fatal as equipment is heavy and powerful.

9. Vehicle / Heavy Equipment Danger Zone
Blind spots
Rotating machinery
Swing radius
Travel Path
Approaching the machinery before acknowledging the operator
Non-essential workers on the area
Struck by overhead loads falling
IF YOU CAN TOUCH THE MACHINERY
YOU ARE TOO CLOSE!!!

10. Learn to know the… Danger-ZONE*
07/16/96
Learn to know the…
Danger-ZONE
THE SHADED AREA SURROUNDING EACH VEHICLE REPRESENTS THE DANGER ZONE IN WHICH THE VEHICLE OPERATOR’S VIEW OF PEDESTRAN TRAFFIC IS GREATLY REDUCED OR OBSCURRED ALTOGETHER. *

11. Manlift Eye level 10 ft - 0 in above ground level 34’ 0” 36’ 4” 68’ 0”*
07/16/96
Eye level 10 ft - 0 in above
ground level
34’ 0”
36’ 4”
68’ 0”
95’ 0”
Manlift *

12. Hydraulic Crane Area of fully obstructed view*
07/16/96
Area of fully
obstructed view
Eye level 7 ft - 0 in above
ground level
25’ 5”
17’ 8”
15’ 9”
10’ 0”
3’ 0”
16’ 4”
27’ 2”
Hydraulic Crane *

13. Backhoe Eye level 7 ft - 7 in above ground level 8’ 4” 29’ 1” 9’ 1”*
Eye level 7 ft - 7 in above
ground level
07/16/96
8’ 4”
29’ 1”
9’ 1”
7’ 7”
18’ 5”
Backhoe *

14. Bulldozer Eye level 6 ft - 3 in above ground level 16’ 0” 8’ 2” 8’ 2”*
07/16/96
16’ 0”
8’ 2”
8’ 2”
3’ 10”
12’ 5”
12’ 1”
18’ 7”
Bulldozer *

15. Front End Loader Eye level 10 ft - 0 in above ground level 28’11”*
07/16/96
28’11”
14’ 8”
16’ 2”
14’ 3”
14’ 10”
21’ 11”
Front End Loader *

16. Bobcat/Skid Steer Eye level 5 ft - 5 in above ground level 11’ 7”*
07/16/96
11’ 7”
11’ 5”
21’ 8”
4’ 10”
6’ 1”
3’ 1”
6’ 3”
Bobcat/Skid Steer *

17. High Reach RT Fork Lift Eye level 7 ft - 3 in above ground level*
07/16/96
85’ 0”
18’ 2”
10’ 9”
7’ 9”
3’ 0”
39’ 0”
21’ 2”
14’ 10”
High Reach
RT Fork Lift *

18. 3 Ton Forklift Eye level 6 ft above ground level 8’ 6” 3’ 1” 3’ 8”*
07/16/96
8’ 6”
3’ 1”
3’ 8”
5’ 7”
3 Ton Forklift *

19. 10 Ton Forklift Eye level 8 ft - 8 in above ground level 13’ 7” 13’ 0”*
07/16/96
13’ 7”
13’ 0”
6’ 4”
9’ 2”
7’ 0”
10’ 7”
12’ 2”
10 Ton Forklift *

20. 17 Ton Forklift Eye level 8 ft - 9 in above ground level 26’ 8” 15’ 5”*
07/16/96
26’ 8”
15’ 5”
4’ 8”
4’ 5”
13’ 6”
8’ 8”
14’ 1”
17 Ton Forklift *

21. Semi-Truck & Trailer Eye level 6 ft - 10 in above ground level*
07/16/96
Area of fully
obstructed view
27’ 1”
6’ 5”
42’ 8”
40’ 6”
36’ 8”
Semi-Truck & Trailer *

22. Refuse Truck Eye level 8 ft - 0 in above ground level Area of fully*
07/16/96
Area of fully
obstructed view
13’ 2”
13’ 3”
3’ 4”
8’ 10”
8’ 0”
Refuse Truck *

23. HiVac Truck Eye level 8 ft - 0 in above ground level Area of fully*
07/16/96
Area of fully
obstructed view
(more than 300 ft)
Area of fully
obstructed view
from Eductor Hose
(more than 100 ft)
29’ 0”
24’ 0”
37’ 4”
8’ 7”
31’ 0”
24’ 6”
41’ 0”
HiVac Truck *

24. Vehicle / Heavy Equipment Danger Zone
Make sure no one enters the danger zone while the machinery is in operation, the danger zone is the area around the equipment/vehicle where the operator don’t have a full visibility during normal operation. Stay at least ten feet away from all sides of the Machinery
Front
Both Sides (left, right) Yes, the right rear side is one of the most dangerous
Back Yes, behind the machinery is also one of the most dangerous
Up and Bottom

26. Vehicle / Heavy Equipment Danger Zone
If you’re working near moving vehicles or equipment, what are the most important safety points to remember?
Stay alert at all times.
Don’t distract yourself.
Keep a safe distance.
Keep off the equipment unless authorized.
Watch out for shifting or unstable loads.
Wear a bright orange vest if you are working near moving vehicles or heavy equipment.
Wear reflectorize clothing at night.

27. SPOTTERS -AN IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT
There is the important rule for drivers and operators:
"Don't back up or move a heavy equipment unless you have a spotter directing your movement."
It's an easy rule to remember.
The important thing is to obey it.  

28. When to use a Spotter When: backing a vehicle or machinery
entering or moving a vehicle or
machinery in a congested area
poor visibility
close proximity
Pedestrians/coworkers or other contractors on the surroundings
lateral, overhead, or other obstructions

29. SPOTTERS -AN IMPORTANT REQUIREMENT
This person has to watch out for others as well as for himself (keeping enough distance in between spotter and equipment moving), and make sure the vehicle doesn't damage property.
It may appear as an easy task. But there are a lot of dangers involved. 

30. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
SPOTTERS AND DRIVERS/OPERATOR MUST WORK TOGETHER
The operator will discuss the positioning, backing, movement and plan with the spotter before proceeding.
The operator shall stop the vehicle immediately prior to losing sight or losing sight of the spotter.

31. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
In order to give you an unobstructed view of the entire movement, when directing the driver/operator, stand at the driver's side.
It's important that the driver understands your signals, so get together with the driver before any movement and explain the signals you will use.
allow for sufficient stopping distance and clearance

32. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
Always be sure to use the same signals for the same moves (avoid misunderstandings)
Hand signals are much better than vocal signals. Because of noise, a shouted signal may not be heard or may be misunderstood.
If the driver is unclear at any point about the spotter’s signals, the vehicle should be stopped immediately.  Never assume what the spotter is signaling, if there is any doubt  

33. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
STRAIGHT BACKWARD OR FORWARD – To move the vehicle in a straight line either forward or backward.

34. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
TURN – To move the vehicle either to the right or left while the vehicle is moving

35. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
DISTANCE TO STOPPING POINT – To provide the driver a visual reference for the distance to the stop point.

36. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
CLEARED TO LEAVE THE AREA – To show the driver the vehicle is clear of obstructions and is cleared to leave in the direction indicated.

37. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
STOP – Stop all movement of the vehicle, await further instructions.

38. THE SPOTTER'S RESPONSIBILITIES
When spotting, concentrate on spotting –The task at hand.
Maintain eye contact with the driver/operator, even if you have to change position frequently.
If the spotter needs to stop spotting momentarily for any reason, first make sure that the driver/operator stops the equipment.

39. BE SURE YOU'RE SEEN
If you or someone else have to pass behind a vehicle or equipment:
stop the vehicle or equipment first.
As you're passing behind it, extend your hand at arm's length and place it against the back of the vehicle/equipment. Then if the vehicle/equipment starts to move,  you'll be able to feel the movement and get out of the way.  

40. BE SURE YOU'RE SEEN
In addition to standing well to the driver's side of the vehicle/equipment, wear a fluorescent vest.
In the dark, don't blind the driver by shining your flashlight in the rearview mirror.

41. BE SURE YOU'RE SEEN
Day or night, avoid walking backward. If you have to, when walking backwards, be careful not to trip (check the path). 

42. QUESTIONS