1. CHAPTER 4: American Protestant Origins and the Liberal Tradition

2. 16 th -Century Reformation Protestant principles o scripture alone o justification through faith o priesthood of all believers o communion of saints

3. Protestant Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin o theocracy in Geneva Calvinism predestination innerworldly asceticism

4. Reformation in England Church of England Puritans o separatists & non-separatists voluntary church (not territorial) Anglican Virginia colony

5. Puritan New England Pilgrims of the Mayflower o separatist Puritans Massachusetts Bay Colony o non-separatist Puritans Rhode Island o Puritan nonconformists

6. Puritan Church Membership conversion experience voting rights Halfway Covenant

7. Pluralist Middle Colonies New York o Dutch Reformed influence o increasing Protestant pluralism Pennsylvania o freedom of worship o haven for religiously persecuted  Quakers

8. What is the Liberal Tradition? divine immanence goodness of humanity humanity of Jesus social reform millennial fullness on Earth religious freedom

9. Colonial Foreshadowings of Liberalism Baptists o baptism of mature believers Arminianism rationalism o Latitudinarians o Enlightenment

10. Liberalism in the American Revolution natural religion deism Freemasonry o political leaders

11. 19 th -Century Liberal Cooperation fears of religious decline joint efforts to revive religion Plan of Union o Presbyterians & Congregationalists shared pulpits & missions voluntary societies

12. Liberal Movements Unitarians Universalists Transcendentalists Romanticism

13. Liberal Tradition after the Civil War Gilded Age Beecher’s New Theology Gospel of Wealth o “Acres of Diamonds” Social Gospel

14. Intellectual Liberalism modernism “higher criticism” of the Bible o questioned old theories o focus on contexts & literary methods Darwin’s theory of evolution

15. Fundamentalist – Liberal Split splits between & within denominations liberal denominations = UCC, Presbyterian, Episcopalian moderate or mixed = Methodist, Lutheran fundamentalist = Southern Baptist

16. Neoorthodoxy Niebuhr brothers challenged liberal optimism theological realism o limits to human efforts o persistence of evil

17. 20 th -Century Cooperation ecumenical movement denominational mergers o UCC, UMC, Presbyterian Church (USA) new organizations o World Council of Churches o National Council of Churches

18. Liberal Commitments to Change banish sexism & militarism in hymns ordination of women support of civil rights Welcoming Churches social & environmental concerns

19. OVERVIEW Protestant Principles Calvinist Puritanism liberal tradition o Arminianism o Social Gospel o liberal-fundamentalist split