1. IOM International Organization for Migration OIM Organización Internacional para las Migraciones Quebec, Canada, February 2009 TEMPORARY LABOUR MIGRATION PROGRAM GUATEMALA - CANADA Günther Müssig

2.  Part of Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP) and according to NOC, classification C and D as low- skilled  Private initiative based, MOU between FERME and IOM  Carried out by Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Labour with technical assistance of IOM  Started 2003 in Québec with 215 workers and expanded to other 4 Canadian Provinces. In 2008: 3,313 workers  Started in agriculture and expanded to other sectors, such as poultry farms, landscaping, laundry, construction, etc. LABOUR MIGRATION TO CANADA

3.  Recruitment upon request of employers’ organizations, i.e. FERME, FARMS, WALI or individual employers  Recruitment criteria:  Demand of employers and special requirements for type of work  In accordance with local economy  Poverty rate  Operational cost of USD 120 is covered by tax exemption  Upfront cost for workers less USD 340 to pay before departure: USD 160 for visa, USD 75 for medex, USD 70 for airport tax, and USD 36 for medical insurance for family members in Guatemala.  No external recruitment agents involved  No recommendations accepted from any institutions or organizations OPERATIONAL ASPECTS

4. PROCESS OF THE PROGRAM 1.Recruitment; 2.Processing Recruitment Form; 3.Handling of documents required from workers; 4.Payment of expenses; 5.Sending visa request to the Embassy of Canada; 6.Medical examination; 7.Workers requirements; 8.Appointment of workers according to requirements; 9.HRSDC Request (Work Permit); 10.Obtaining visas; 11.Briefing for travel; 12.Airport Assistance 13.Protection of workers in Canada; 14.Contact and evaluation after workers return; 15.Additional products that strengthen the Program  Remittance banking  Medical Plan for the families of workers

5.  Whole process for temporary foreign workers starts with LMO (Labour Market Opinion)  Employer has to prove that no national or permanent resident is available to carry out that work. No potentially negative impact on the level of employment.  Establishes wages, which are higher than minimum wage.  Important is that foreign workers do not lower wages and working conditions and do not displace nationals.  Regulates work hours (minimum 40 per week) and duration of contract.  Signed contracts approved by authorities (salary, deductions, social security, housing, payment of return ticket, finalization of work, etc). LEGAL ASPECTS

6. TEMPORARY WORKERS IN CANADA 2008 ALBERTA 165 SASKATCHEWAN BRITISH COLUMBIA 252 MANITOBA ONTARIO 258 YUKON TERRITORY NORTHWEST TERRITORIES NUNAVUT Iqaluit QUEBEC 2,632 NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 6 NOVA SCOTIA Hudson Bay Baffin Island Hudson Strait

7. ORIGIN OF WORKERS PET 6 HUE 10 SM 372 QUET 10 RET 9 SOL 38 TOT 10 QUI 104 AV 13 BV 7 IZ 11 ZAC 4 EP 273 CHIQ 5 JAL 5 CHIM 1,565 GUA 234 SAC 304 ESC 14 SR 197 JUT 105 SUCH 13 Menos de 30 234 (7.1%) 1 31 a 50 616 (18.6%) 6 51 - 70 1,904 (57.5%) 7 71 y Más 559 (16.9%) 8 TOTAL 3,313 22 Total Deptos. Niveles de Pobreza (%) Total de Trabajadores

8. CONTRACTS AVERAGE ANNUAL STAY 5.6 MONTHS

9. CONTRACT FULFILLMENT OF GUATEMALAN WORKERS IN CANADA  93.2% of 2,255 workers fulfilled the contract in 2007.  45% (1,015) of the workers had traveled previously and 55% (1,237) traveled for the first time.  6.8% of the workers did not fulfill their contract due to different causes: 2.8% behavior/low productivity 1.7% health problems 1.4% family reasons 0.8% problems of adaptation 0.1% AWOL

10. COMPARED PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS BY WORKERS (PERIOD 2005-2007) DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENSES Percentage 2005 Percentage 2007 Difference 2007- 2005 TOTAL100.0 House building45.310.5-34.8 Paying debts (trip)10.8 0.0 Basic needs9.815.45.6 House enlargement7.84.3-3.5 Clothing and shoes5.54.1-1.4 Furniture and equipment4.51.8-2.7 Education expenses3.82.3-1.5 Purchase of land and/or houses3.412.99.5 Savings3.131.928.8 Health expenses3.11.9-1.2 Other expenses2.80.4-2.4 Purchase of agricultural tools0.11.00.9 Purchase of vehicle0.02.1 Recreation and culture0.00.6

11. REMITTANCE TRANSFER MECHANISM

12. OPTIONS OF THE PROGRAM TYPE OF PLAN YEARLY COST IN US$ SERVICES FAMILYINDIVIDUAL A) BASIC PLAN 3618 -General physician, gynecologist and pediatrician B) SILVER PLAN 260100 -Orthopedist - Laboratory: urine, feces, blood tests -Diagnostic images: X-rays - Emergency services and programmed movements - Dentist C) GOLD PLAN 450185 - Specialists (Orthopedists, Gastroenterologists, etc) - Maternity

13. CIRCULARITY 324 668 1,263 2,252 3,313 215 195 388 740 1,237 1,671 129 149 295 537 814 131 128 269 443 100 117 203 92 102 80 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 200320042005200620072008 Growth of number of workers Permanent old workers Workers of previous years New workers 280 523 1,015 1,642

14. CIRCULARITY 129131 100 92 80 195 149 128 117 102 388 295 269 203 740 537 443 1,237 814 1,671 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 New workers Workers of previous years 200320042005200620072008 40% 60% 215 324 42% 58% 668 41% 59% 1,263 45% 55% 2,252 50% 3,313

15. IOM International Organization for Migration OIM Organización Internacional para las Migraciones E-mail: iomguatemala@iom.intiomguatemala@iom.int Web site: http://www.oim.org.gthttp://www.oim.org.gt Working Notebooks on Migration No. 22 & 25