1. What do urban problems refer to?
Housing problems
Transport problems
Urban decay
Pollutions
Social problems

2. Causes of urban problems in cities of developing countries
Rapid increase of population due to
large scale rural-urban migration and
high rates of natural increase
High degree of primacy
Low level of industrialization and
slow economic
poor governance

3. Nature of housing problems
Shortage of accommodation
Substandard houses made of any materials
Unobtainable to basic facilities such as clean water, electricity and sewage system
Unobtainable to urban resources such as job opportunities, transport, education, medical and social services

4. Problems related to shortage of of accommodation
Growing squatter and slum population
as most immigrants tend to build themselves a shelter on land which does not belong to them.
Or rent a single room in overcrowded and deteriorated slums near the CBD.

5. Problems related to substandard houses
Risk of collapse,
Risk of landslide
Risk of fire
overcrowding

6. Problems related to unobtainable to basic facilities
Poor sanitation
Poor living environment
Outbreak of diseases

7. Problems related to unobtainable to urban resources
Unemployment and underemployment
Social problems such as family conflicts, mental distresses
High crime rate
Social unrest

8. Solutions Site and service scheme Squatter improvement scheme
Squatter and slum clearance and resettlement scheme

9. Site and service scheme
Self help scheme
Provide squatter occupants with building materials
Provide with basic services(water and electricity)

10. Advantages Require smaller capital amount
Improve skill of local people
Preserve community spirit for certain extent
Improve housing conditions a lot

11. Disadvantages New sites are usually in suburbs
Squatter occupants are reluctant to move in due to poor accessibility

12. Squatter improvement scheme
Provide basic services(water supply, electricity and sewage system)
Squatter remain at the places where they are occupying

13. Advantages Its the cheapest and easiest way
Improve living conditions for certain extent
Entirely preserve community spirit

14. Disadvantages
The unpleasant squatter settlement remains unchanged in location and appearance
The improvement attracts more incoming occupants
Overcrowding problems deteriorated

15. Squatter and slum clearance and resettlement scheme
Clearance of illegal and unsafe settlements
Provide accommodation with standard basic facilities for squatter inhabitants
The most comprehensive scheme

16. Advantages A scheme thoroughly solve al the housing problems
Urban renewal becomes possible

17. Disadvantages Require large amount of capital
Require high technology level
Disputes related to resettlement
Acts of rebellious and violence taken by people being affected

18. Worksheet question 1.
Squatter settlements

19. Question 2.
Houses are constructed from any materials available- wood, corrugated iron or cardboard.
Houses are built on hill slopes without safe foundations nor slope retaining walls.
Houses are simply shelters of rain and sunlight, do not meet basic health and safety standards.

20. Question 3 Lack of clean water supply
Lack of properly installed electricity supply
Lack of properly run waste disposal and sewage system
Lack of paved footpaths or vehicular roads
Lack of open space or recreational facilities
Lack of public lighting

21. Question 4 Risks of collapse, fire and landslides Poor sanitation
Poor ventilation
Overcrowding
Environmental pollution
Outbreak of diseases
Visual pollution
Family conflict and mental distress

22. Question 5
Rapid increase of urban population due to continuous influx of rural immigrants
Lack of financial resources to provide adequate accommodation due to
Slow economic growth
Lack of town planning
Inefficient government

23. Question 6 Squatter improvement scheme or Site and service scheme
Give comments on its effectiveness