1. UNIT 2: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Revision Booklet UNIT 2: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Revision Booklet Name: ________________________________ Exam Date: Time: Exam Date: Time: Grade% A*90 A80 B70 C60 D50 E40 F30 G20 U0-19

2. Key TermDefinition Hot Spot Focus Epicentre Richter Scale Mercalli Scale Primary Effect Secondary Effect Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Conservative Boundary HIC LIC

3. PacificN American Nazca (Andes Mts.) (Himalaya Mts.) (Mid-Atlantic Ridge.) (San Andreas Fault.) S AmericanEurasianIndo-Aust. N AmericanEurasian

4. EARTHQUAKESVOLCANOES ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL Why Live In Areas Of Earthquake And Volcanic Activity? Explain why people still live in areas of volcanic activity. (6) Explain why people still live in areas of earthquake activity. (6)

5. Case Study: HAITI EARTHQUAKE INFO. / BACKGROUND Date: 12 th January 2010 Time: 16:53 (local time) Magnitude: 7.0 Focus: 13km below surface (shallow) Epicentre: 16km SW of Port-au-Prince (Pop. 3 million) CAUSES EFFECTS People - An estimated three million people were affected by the earthquake. - Haitian Government reports that 217,000 - 230,000 people identified as dead. - Estimated 300,000 injured. - Estimated 1,000,000 homeless. - Estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged. Environment Haiti is situated to the north of the Caribbean Plate, on a conservative plate boundary with the North American Plate. The North American plate is moving west. This movement is not smooth and there is friction between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate. Pressure builds between the two plates until it is released as an earthquake. The earthquake was caused by a slip along an existing fault in this area (Enriquillo-Plaintain Garden fault). June 2010 Choose a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied. Explain the effects of the volcanic eruption or earthquake on the people and the environment. (6) Choose a volcanic eruption or an earthquake you have studied. Explain its causes. (6)

6. Prediction And Prevention Of The Effects Of Earthquakes And Volcanoes EARTHQUAKESVOLCANOES Explain how the effects of earthquakes can be reduced through planning before the event. Use examples in your answer. (6) Explain how the effects of volcanic eruptions can be reduced through planning before the event. Use examples in your answer. (6)

7. Key TermDefinition Carbon Footprint Recycling Landfill Incineration DOMESTICLOCALNATIONAL Waste recyclingCamden Waste DisposalGermany Solutions To Energy Wastage In UKAt Home Eastcroft District, Nottingham UK (National Policies)

8. Why Do HICs And LICs Produce Different Types / Amounts Of Waste? Waste ProducedWhy? LICs E.g. Philippines HICs E.g. UK

9. How Waste Is Recycled At A Local Scale CAMDEN (North London) How Waste Is Recycled At A Local Scale CAMDEN (North London) Choose a local area you have studied. Explain how it recycles its waste. (6) PaperPlastic Bottles GlassCardboard Aluminium Cans White Goods Collection Cooker Dishwasher Washing Machine Collected free of charge (arrange collection time) Take to Regis Road yourself OR Doorstep Reusable Furniture Collection (arrange collection time) Hazardous Waste Collection (arrange collection time) Recycling On The Go! Mini recycling centres by the roadside. Recycling bins in 3 parks. Estate Recycling Collection once per week Bins for glass, paper etc. For housing estates. Can request bins for estate. REGIS ROAD Recycling & Reuse Centre Open daily 8am – 3.45pm Paper, Cardboard, Glass, Plastic Bottles, Aluminium Cans, Hard Plastics, Rubble, Paper Food Cartons, Oil, Batteries, Light Bulbs, Metals, Electricals Separate waste before arrival. Anything put in ‘household waste’ incinerated. Kitchen Waste Scheme 2004 – council collecting 85,000 tonnes household waste per year. 2006 – council developed waste strategy. Targets: 1. Increase household recycling participation to 60% 2. Increase amount of recycling collected from housing estates by 10% 3. Trial a kitchen waste scheme. 4. Recycle 70% of rubbish brought to Regis Road Centre. Doorstep Recycling Collection once per week 2x collections per week of non-recyclable waste. Regis Road recycling rates: 2004 – 58% 2008 – 70% Trialled August 2008 (now rolled out). Kitchen caddy (23 litre – 240 litre bin) kept outside. Emptied weekly. All cooked and raw foods (meat, fish, pasta, rice, vegetables, fruit, cheese, teabags).

10. How Waste Is Recycled At A Local Scale CAMDEN (North London) How Waste Is Recycled At A Local Scale CAMDEN (North London) Choose a local area you have studied. Explain how it recycles its waste. (6)

11. The Ways In Which HICs Dispose Of Different Types Of Waste GERMANY The Ways In Which HICs Dispose Of Different Types Of Waste GERMANY Choose a HIC you have studied. Explain how it disposes of different types of waste. (6)

12. RENEWABLE Fuels NON-RENEWABLE Fuels

13. How Energy is Wasted On A Domestic Scale Solutions To Energy Wastage On A Domestic Scale How Energy is Wasted On A Domestic Scale Solutions To Energy Wastage On A Domestic Scale

14. Solutions To Energy Wastage On A Local Scale EASTCROFT, NOTTINGHAM Solutions To Energy Wastage On A Local Scale EASTCROFT, NOTTINGHAM Choose a local area you have studied. Explain its solutions to energy wastage. (6)

15. Carbon Footprints Solutions To Energy Wastage At NATIONAL scale: UK Choose a country you have studied. Explain its solutions to energy wastage on a national scale. (6)

16. 1. State the obvious! (One sentence – give the general trend/pattern). E.g. Even/Uneven, Clustered/Linear, Dense/Sparse etc. 2. Give an example/examples to support 1. (Name places/features from the map). 3. Describe any anomalies (something that doesn’t fit the pattern). E.g. All/None, Highest/Lowest etc. * Refer to ALL information given on the map (place names, numbers, compass directions etc.). Repeat as often as necessary 1. State the obvious! (One sentence – give the general trend/pattern). E.g. Increasing/Decreasing, Positive/Negative Correlation etc. 2. Pick out detail from the graph – use adjectives/adverbs. E.g. Increasing quickly, Gradually decreasing etc. 3. Quote figures/data from the graph – use numbers/dates. 4. Name any anomalies or anything that stands out on graph). E.g. Highest/lowest values, sudden decreases/increases etc.. * Refer to ALL information given on the graph (years, place names, numbers, percentages, and...don’t forget the units! This is an easy one! There’s only one thing to remember if given a photograph...... 1. Pick out features/activities that you can SEE in the photograph and refer to them specifically in your answer. I.e. Don’t describe things that you can’t see in the photograph just because you think it should be there. 1. Read the question carefully – in full. 2. Underline all command words and instructions E.g. Describe / Explain / Outline / Compare / Use examples / Use data 3. Look at how many marks the question is worth (see next page) 4. Answer the question (don’t include information that isn’t asked for – it won’t earn you any marks and will waste your time and space on the paper).

17. L2 3-4 L3 5-6 4 4 6 6 1 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 1x Generic Description 2x Generic Descriptions 3x Specific Points Every Point Clearly Explained 1x Generic Explanation AND 1x Specific point 3x Specific Points OR 1x Specific Point + Explanation Of It More Than 3x Specific Points Every Point Clearly Explained BASIC CLEAR EXPLICIT 4 4 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 L2 3-4 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 4 L2 1 1 2 2 Answering Exam Questions......