1. Kristoffer Greaves 2010 APLEC Conference Bond University
Bloom to Marzano
Kristoffer Greaves
2010 APLEC Conference
Bond University

2. From Bloom to Marzano Taxonomies of Educational Objectives
Relevance to Practical Legal Training
Bloom et al
Marzano and Kendall
What’s changed?
Implications for Practical Legal Training

3. ‘Taxonomy’ of Educational Objectives
Classification / Arrangement
Bloom et al:
Domains of educational activities
Categories of educational activities within those domains
Marzano and Kendall:
Domains of knowledge
Levels of Processing

4. Bloom et al Domains and Categories
Cognitive
Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, Evaluation
Affective
Receiving, Responding, Valuation, Organisation, Internalisation,
Psychomotor
Perception, Mindsets, Guided Response, Mechanism, Complex Overt Response, Adaptation, Origination

5. Bloom’s Cognitive Categories
Create
Evaluate
Analyse
Apply
Understand
Remember

6. Marzano and Kendall Domains and Levels of Processing
Self-System
Metacognitive System
Knowledge Utilisation (Cognitive)
Analysis (Cognitive)
Comprehension (Cognitive)
Retrieval (Cognitive)
Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures

7. What’s the Difference? Bloom cf Marzano
Framework of info processing (not predictive)
Theory of human thought (predictive)
Combines forms of knowledge with knowledge processing
Separates knowledge domains from processes operating on them
Psychomotor skills - not published
Psychomotor procedures included
Knowledge - remembering phenomena accurately
Knowledge - information retrieved and procedures executed
Comprehension – objectives, behaviours, responses
Comprehension – translation, interpretation, extrapolation
Analysis
Synthesis
Knowledge utilisation
Knowledge explored at first cognitive level only
Knowledge domains interact with all levels of processing

8. Marzano and Kendall Domains and Levels of Processing
Self-System
Metacognitive System
Knowledge Utilisation (Cognitive)
Analysis (Cognitive)
Comprehension (Cognitive)
Retrieval (Cognitive)
Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures

9. Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures
Information Domain
Details – Vocabulary terms, Facts, Time Sequences
Organising Ideas – Principles, Generalisations
Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures

10. Mental Procedures Domain
Processes – Macroprocedures
Skills – Tactics, Algorithms, Single Rules
Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures

11. Psychomotor Procedures Domain
Processes – complex combination procedures
Skills – Single combination procedures, Foundational Procedures
Information Mental Procedures Psychomotor Procedures

12. Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 1 – Retrieval
Level 2 – Comprehension
Level 3 – Analysis
Level 4 – Knowledge Utilisation

13. Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 1 – Retrieval Recognise
Recall
Execute

14. Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 2 – Comprehension
Integrate
Symbolise

15. Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 3 – Analysis Matching
Classifying
Analysing Errors
Generalising
Specifying

16. Levels of Processing Cognitive System Level 4 – Knowledge Utilisation
Decision making
Problem Solving
Experimenting
Investigating

17. Levels of Processing Meta-cognitive System Specifying Goals
Process Monitoring
Monitoring Clarity
Monitoring Accuracy

18. Levels of Processing Self System Examining Importance
Examining Efficacy
Examining Emotional Response
Examining Motivation

19. Potential Implications
Improved Framework for:
Educational Objectives
Designing Assessments
Improving Standards for Competencies
Curriculum Design

20. Examples Level 1 Retrieval Recognise – Information – Details:
The jurisdictional limit of the Victorian County Court is:
$100,000
$250,000
$450,000
Unlimited

21. Examples Level 1 Retrieval Recognise – Information – Organising Ideas:
Which Court is most likely to hear a complex Trade Practices Act claim:
State Magistrates Court
Federal Court
State County Court
Federal Magistrates Court

22. Examples Level 1 Retrieval
Recognise – Mental Procedures – Validate Mental Skill:
Which of the following steps would be the least likely first step you would take after receiving an opponent’s affidavit in an interlocutory application:
Read the affidavit
Identify potentially inadmissible material
Begin drafting an affidavit in reply
Advise your client and obtain instructions

23. Examples Level 1 Retrieval
Recognise – Mental Procedures – Validate Mental Procedure:
Of the following circle the steps you would take when given money on account of costs and disbursements:
Write a trust account receipt
Complete a trust account deposit slip
Make an entry in the trust account receipts cash book
Bank the money in the office account

24. Examples Level 1 Retrieval
Recognise – Psychomotor Procedures – Validate Psychomotor Skill:
Which of the following statements are true when appearing in court:
Maintain eye contact with the person on the bench
Maintain composure even when you disagree
Stand when addressing the court
Speak in hushed tones to preserve the solemnity of the occasion

25. Thank you! kgg@deakin.edu.au @pleagletrainer