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Fashion Apparel & Accessories
Chapter 1
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The Nature & Scope of the Industry
Fashion apparel and accessories is a multi-billion dollar industry Fashion industry employs 1 million workers: Women & Children’s ,000 employees Men & Boys ,000 employees Hat Workers 16,000 employees Furs ,000 employees Other accessories 41,000 employees Fashion apparel & accessories industry ranks 4th in manufacturing after steel, electronics and motor vehicles.
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Apparel & Accessory producers now use licensing to enhance their products.
Licensing- an arrangement where a well-known designer permits another company to use his or her name on products. Ex. Liz Claiborne, Ralph Lauren
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Licensing increases customer awareness by offering a vast assortment of different merchandise at many price points. Before licensing, only the affluent could afford designer merchandise.
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Fashion retailing continues to grow:
Chain Operations Department stores Direct Marketing (catalogs) Home Shopping Networks: Bargain items to upscale
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The Language of Fashion
STYLE - the characteristics that distinguish one apparel or accessory from another. Classic – a term used to describe a style that is always a fashion staple. Collection – an expensive line
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The Language of Fashion
Couturier- a French term used to describe male designers. (only the most original creators are referred to as couturiers). Couturiere- the female designer
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The Language of Fashion
Haute couture (oat koo tour)- high fashion Pret-a-porter (pre tah portay) – ready to wear apparel
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Pret-a- porter Ready to wear Possible to Afford
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The Language of Fashion
Knock- off – a copy of a higher priced design Custom Made – merchandise that is specifically tailored to fit a customer’s measurements.
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The Language of Fashion
Resource – a term that is used by retailers to describe the manufacturers or wholesalers from whom they purchase.
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The Language of Fashion
Fashion Cycle – the stages through which fashion passes from introduction to decline. Trend – the direction in which fashion is moving
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The Fashion Cycle Introduction Stage – highest price point
Growth Stage – Copies are made: knockoffs, line for line copies, adaptations. Maturity Stage – greatest sales volume, retailers and manufacturers need the ability to determine when the popularity will decrease. Decline Stage – drastic price reductions
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The Language of Fashion
Hot item (Ford)- a best selling item that is reordered again and again. Trunk Show – a method of showing a collection of apparel by designers in stores.
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The Language of Fashion
Showroom – the place which vendors show their lines of merchandise to prospective buyers. Seventh Ave. – the entire garment center of New York.
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Price point – a specific price at which a line is offered for sale.
Off-price – a price that is lower than the original wholesale price.
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Jobber- a term that is synonymous with wholesaler.
Off-shore production –when a manufacturer creates a line in one country and has it produced in another. They do not offer anything to the "public“; jobbers do not sell to consumers and they only sell within the industry. A jobber is similar to a wholesaler. They purchase product from company "A" and then sell the product to company "B".
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Due to increasing production expenses, many Seventh Avenue manufacturers are producing in less expensive cities.
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Hong Kong produces much merchandise for designers such as Giorgio Armani and Calvin Klein due to lower wages and expert tailoring.
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Market Week- the period of time when the store buyers come to the wholesale markets to place their orders for the next season. Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week New York Thu Feb 12, Thu Feb 19, 2015 Lincoln Center New York, NY MBfashionweek.com
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The World’s Fashion Capitals
New York City Paris Milan London Tokyo Hong Kong
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Chambre Syndicale de la Coutre Parisienne.
The greatest designers are members of the best known fashion trade association called the Chambre Syndicale de la Coutre Parisienne. Design made-to-order for private clients, with one or more fittings. Have a workshop (atelier) in Paris that employs at least fifteen staff members full-time. Must have twenty, full-time technical people in at least one workshop (atelier). Every season, present a collection of at least fifty original designs to the public, both day and evening garments, in January and July of each year
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Classifications The women’s apparel market offers a great number of size ranges to accommodate the many different types of female figures.
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Women’s Wear size ranges:
Misses Juniors Petites Women’s Half Sizes Tall Sizes
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Men’s Wear size ranges:
Regular Short/Long Extra Long Portly Stout Extra Large
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Children’s Wear Size Ranges: Infants Toddlers Children’s Girls’/ Boys’
Preteen Youth 0-24 months 2T -5T 5-14
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Apparel & Accessories of the 20th Century
Part 2
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1900’s- Formal wear Floor- length, waist-fitted dresses Large hats with feathers and bows, gloves, laced up boots Children’s wardrobes mimicked those of their parents.
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1910’s straighter, simpler lines hobble skirts, smaller hats, handbags, parasols
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1920’s Shorter dresses, (new flapper look) long torso silhouette, long chains shorter hair, cloches- close fitting hats, multi-layered fringes.
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1930’s bias cut gowns heavily padded shouldered suits
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1940’s War time restrictions: nylon used for parachute production, straight & simple silhouettes End of war: Dior’s New Look- full skirted longer skirts.
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full skirts over petticoats poodle skirts
Strapless dresses pedal pushes full skirts over petticoats poodle skirts Chanel’s introduction of the chemise – a dress silhouette that is tubular, is straight lined and void of a waistline.
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1960’s Beatles “mod” look go-go boots miniskirts by designer Mary Quant pillbox hats bold geometric shapes.
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1970’s pants – flares, minis, hot pants, denim high platform shoes Calvin Klein (designer jeans) Leisure suits for men
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1980’s Pouf dresses popularized by LaCroix designer labels warm-up suits, sneakers business suits for working women faux pearl necklaces
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1990’s individuality varying skirt lengths, flares, platform shoes
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