1. Interactive Physics Labs Online, Computer-based Labs

2. Concepts of Physics n Devry University in Pomona, CA offers Concepts of Physics course u One-semester course n General survey course for all students u Aimed at non-scientists n Breadth of course poses unique challenges

3. Lecture and Lab n Labs are the best way to see “physics in action” n Some courses have “demonstrations” n No chance for interactive, hands- on experience

4. Group Lab Section n Some courses offer group labs u Divide the class into multiple, large groups n Equipment constraints: u Variety and quantity of equipment u Equipment budget, maint., etc. u Experimental errors and FRUSTRATION n Alternative pedagogical methodologies need to be explored

5. Blended/Hybrid Learning to the rescue! n Create applet-based “virtual” labs n Instead of large groups watching a demo, each student can have a personalized learning experience n Students work at their own pace n Eliminate equipment issues that usually sidetrack students and take away from the physical concepts you're trying to explore u Might be a disadvantage for science majors n Minimize experimental errors that can stump and, even worse, frustrate non-science majors u Makes learning difficult concepts FUN!

6. What is an applet? n An application that runs in the browser's window n What's Shockwave? u Interactive multimedia authoring app n What's Java? u Industrial strength programming language (compile once, run everywhere)

7. Sample Lab #1 n Measurement and use of the Vernier Caliper n http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_01.html http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_01.html n The idea of this lab is to use simple measuring tools (a ruler and a Vernier caliper) to measure dimensions of objects in both the English and the Metric units and show that they are equivalent. This exercise requires some unit conversion.

8. Sample Lab #2 n Fluid Behaviour & Density n http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_02.html http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_02.html n These experiments are aimed at: a) the determination of the density of an irregularly shaped object from the volume of fluid displaced when it is immersed in a fluid and it's mass when measured on a balance and b) the demonstration of the principles governing fluid behaviour.

9. Sample Lab #3 n Temperature and Heat n http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_03.html http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_03.html n To determine the temperature of a liquid in degrees Fahrenheit and Centigrade and to use the data to confirm the general relationship between the two scales. Also, to determine the specific heat of a metal object by measuring the amount of heat transferred from that metal object to another, cooler body (of water). But the main purpose of this lab is to elucidate the scientific method at work.

10. Sample Lab #4 n Centripetal Force & Motio n http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_04.html http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_04.html n If an object moves in a circular path there must be a Centripetal Force acting on it. This experiment determines this Centripetal Force and compares it with the balancing force of gravity on a hanging object.

11. Sample Lab #5 n Buoyancy n http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_05.html http://www.sethi.org/classes/elabs/lab_05.html n These experiments are aimed at: a) the determination of the density of an irregularly shaped object from the volume of fluid displaced when it is immersed in a fluid and it's mass when measured on a balance and b) the demonstration of the principles governing fluid behaviour.

12. Drawbacks to the online approach n Some students lament the lack of an actual hands-on experience, where they can feel the equipment and really see the physics in action n Sometimes, the most learning occurs when things go wrong! u Fixing equipment, figuring out where an error happened, or improving the experiment can all lead to great insight n Science majors might need more specialized labs (perhaps designing the lab themselves) u The variety of online labs and applets, although great, is still limited in comparison to the plethora of physical experiments possible in a real lab

13. Flexible Online Options n Totally online or partial-online supplement n Extend to other subjects, like Astronomy, Engineering, Chemistry, Calculus, etc. n Completely interactive, stand-alone labs instead of Instructor-Led labs

14. Requirements n Server: any web server should suffice u Recommendation: RedHat Linux 9.0 or another free Linux distro n Client: any Java- and Shockwave- enabled browser u Recommendation: IE, Mozilla, or Firebird n Additional requirements for non- Instructor-Led labs

15. Editing and customizing Java Applets n Find Java applets online u http://www.google.com or http://www.yahoo.com or http://www.sethi.org/colloquiums/in teractive_physics.html http://www.google.com http://www.yahoo.com http://www.sethi.org/colloquiums/in teractive_physics.html n Copyright and Licensing Issues u MUST obtain author’s permission to use applets! n Write or Hack!  Hacking the Java source using javad or writing your own applets

16. Outcome, Assessment, & Impact n Learner-based concept of education n Tried by both Principal Investigators in Phys 214 in multiple terms n VERY positive feedback by students

17. ToDo n Create uniform interface for all the labs n Create a new LabView/game-like environment where students create their own labs subject to laws of physics n Extend to DHTML based, stand- alone labs

18. Acknowledgements n The authors would like to thank Dr. A. Cherif, Dr. C. Koop, Dr. D. Overbye, Dr. B. Aron, and Dr. N. LaChance for their support in the Faculty Technology Grant program at Devry University.