1. Food Chains and Food Webs Structure and Function Diagrams used to show how energy moves through an ecosystem.

2. Food Chain A food chain is a diagram that shows one particular example of energy flow through an ecosystem. A food chain is a diagram that shows one particular example of energy flow through an ecosystem. Includes one organism per trophic level. Includes one organism per trophic level. Trophic level - place in the food chain based on separation from the sun Trophic level - place in the food chain based on separation from the sun

4. Food Web Shows how energy flows through the community. Shows how energy flows through the community. Show more than one organism per trophic level Show more than one organism per trophic level

6. Laws of Thermodynamics 1 st Law of Thermodynamics- Energy can never be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. It can only be transferred from one form to another. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics- Energy can never be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. It can only be transferred from one form to another. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics- Any time energy is transformed that process is not 100% efficient. Some energy is converted to an unusable form. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics- Any time energy is transformed that process is not 100% efficient. Some energy is converted to an unusable form.

7. Implications for the Laws of Thermodynamics 1 st Law of Thermodynamics- 1 st Law of Thermodynamics- Plants are able to convert light energy to chemical energy in glucose and other organic compoundsPlants are able to convert light energy to chemical energy in glucose and other organic compounds Organisms that eat plant can covert chemical energy stored in plant to forms they can used to do work.Organisms that eat plant can covert chemical energy stored in plant to forms they can used to do work.

8. 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics Not all solar energy an autotroph converts is usable to heterotrophs. Some of that energy is used by the autotroph.Not all solar energy an autotroph converts is usable to heterotrophs. Some of that energy is used by the autotroph. Some energy from the heterotroph is also required to digest and store energy they consumed.Some energy from the heterotroph is also required to digest and store energy they consumed. Therefore, there must be more energy stored in the 1st trophic level than the 2 nd, and more energy in the 2nd trophic level than the 3 rd.Therefore, there must be more energy stored in the 1st trophic level than the 2 nd, and more energy in the 2nd trophic level than the 3 rd.

9. Rule of 10% In general 10% of the energy and biomass stored in one trophic level can be passed on to the next trophic level. In general 10% of the energy and biomass stored in one trophic level can be passed on to the next trophic level. This can diagramed using energy and biomass pyramids. This can diagramed using energy and biomass pyramids.

10. Energy Pyramid

11. Biomass Pyramids

12. A question Given This Why are Carnivores Good Predictors of Ecosystem Health? Given This Why are Carnivores Good Predictors of Ecosystem Health? If there is any trouble in a food chain it will effect the top trophic level If there is any trouble in a food chain it will effect the top trophic level

13. Biodiversity & Stability What’s biodiversity? What’s biodiversity? The number of different kinds of species living in an area. The number of different kinds of species living in an area. How does ecosystem biodiversity affect ecosystem stability? How does ecosystem biodiversity affect ecosystem stability? the more biodiverse the ecosystem the more options. The more options, the more stable the more biodiverse the ecosystem the more options. The more options, the more stable

14. Introduced Species and Changing Food Webs Sometimes nonnative species are introduced by humans into an ecosystem. When this happens, they may disrupt the cycle of energy flow. How? Sometimes nonnative species are introduced by humans into an ecosystem. When this happens, they may disrupt the cycle of energy flow. How? Adding a new member to a food web will reduce resources from others Adding a new member to a food web will reduce resources from others

15. Rabbits in Austrailia

16. Rabbits in Australia Rabbits are not native to Australia. Rabbits are not native to Australia. 24 rabbits were introduced in 1859. 24 rabbits were introduced in 1859. They reproduced, well like rabbits, and the population rose quickly to over 2 billion by 1952. They reproduced, well like rabbits, and the population rose quickly to over 2 billion by 1952.

17. Introduced Species Why do you think the population increased so quickly and so much? Why do you think the population increased so quickly and so much? What do you think happened to the native plant population? What do you think happened to the native plant population? What do you think happened to the populations of animals that the competed for resources with the rabbits? What do you think happened to the populations of animals that the competed for resources with the rabbits?