1. The Nature of Science Experimental Investigations

2. Making Observations To make a Data Table: QUANTITATIVE observations Observations of Bubble Tubes Label the type of observation Give your table a TITLE Bubble???? Make room for recording your DATA

3. Making Observations To make a Data Chart: QUALITATIVE observations Observations of Bubble Tubes Label the type of observation Give your chart a TITLE Bubble Make room for recording your DATA

4. Facts, Opinions, Inferences Fact –Is true for everyone Opinion –Personal belief that is not founded on proof Inference –Conclusion based on observation

5. The Pre-experiment Stage Asking Questions Developing Hypotheses

6. Watch & Listen Carefully

7. Bubble Tube Questions Does the color of the liquid make a difference in how fast the bubble moves? Does the angle of the tube make a difference in how fast the bubble moves? ?????????

8. Using Effect & Affect Does the color of the liquid affect the speed of the bubble? What is the effect of the color of the liquid on the speed of the bubble? Does the angle of the tube affect the speed of the bubble? What is the effect of the angle of the tube on the speed of the bubble?

9. Hypothesis If the angle of the tube increases, then the speed of the bubble will increase. If the angle of the tube decreases, then speed of the bubble will increase.

10. Experimental Stage Designing an Experiment Collecting Data

11. Watch & Listen Carefully

12. Designing an Experiment Identify variables –Independent / manipulated : Angle of tube ????? –Dependent / responding: Speed of bubble –Controlled / constants: Person timing Person handling tube ?????

13. The Design What was being changed? How was it being changed? What was being measured? How was it being measured? How many trials were done?

14. Making a Data Table Angle # 1Angle # 2 Give your table a TITLE The effect of angle on the speed of a bubble Label your specific independent variables Make room for recording the dependent variable

15. Data Collection Title IV 1 – color of tube IV 2 – Angle of the tube Place to record data or dependent variable Place to record data or dependent variabls

16. Post Experimental Stage Data Analysis Drawing Conclusions

17. Watch & Listen Carefully

18. The Question – Does the angle of the tube affect the time it takes the bubble to move from one end of the tube to another? TWO independent variables –ANGLE of tube –COLOR of liquid in tube ONE dependent variable –Time or speed Controlled variables –Same timer, same ‘flipper’

19. Data Analysis Reduce the data –Measures of central tendency Mean Median Mode Range Frequency

20. Graphing the Reduced Data Line graphs show us change or trends –Why was a line graph an appropriate graph for our data?

21. Use appropriate scale and interval The effect of ……. Include all independent / manipulated variables and label Angle 1 Angle 2 Angle 3 Angle of tube Time of travel (sec) Show dependent / responding variable and unit of measurement Include a descriptive title Graphing Data

22. Look for Relationships Variables are related if one of them changes when the other changes. –If a change in one variable affects the other variable, then the two variables are related to one another. Direct relationship –Change in the same direction Indirect relationship –Change in opposite directions

23. Data Analysis Look patterns of change –As angles decrease, what happens to the time? Is this true for all angles? –As angles increase, what happens to the time? Is this true for all angles? –What kind of comparison can you make with the colors of the tubes?

24. Drawing Conclusions Data will support or not support your hypothesis Hypothesis is rejected or accepted –Never ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ Answer the original question –Use evidence (data) to back up what you say

25. Elaborating, Expanding, Applying Sources of error What else could be done?