1. USAID Office of Food for Peace Dale Skoric

2. U.S. Food Assistance - General Outline Title I: Trade & Development Assistance USDA Title II: Emergency & Develop. AssistanceUSAID Title III: Food For Development USAID Title V: Farmer to Farmer USAID Section 416(b): Surplus Donations USDA Emerson Trust: Emergencies USAID/USDA Food for Progress USDA McGovern-Dole Global Food for Education USDA

3. Food For Peace’s Operating Environment U.S. Shipping (cargo preference) Agribusiness Processors Bag producers USDA PVOs World Food Program Host Governments Title II Food Aid Beneficiaries Congress OMB State Department Office of Food for Peace

4. Legislative Context: Reliance on Agriculture Appropriations Note: Does not include MARAD reimbursements, carry over funds, and deobligations from prior year agreements. * FY2010 LRP Funding is up to $300 million.

5. Food for Peace Emergencies Non-Emergencies Response to rapid onset and/or complex emergencies Selected post-emergency stabilization activities Address immediate food needs of populations at risk Response to chronic food insecurity Maternal and child health Environmental stabilization Sustainable agriculture Risk mitigation and asset building Office of Food for Peace 5

6. Availability Access Utilization Vulnerability Production Markets Policies Markets Care Practices Prices Policies Stocks Climate Land Imports Health Care Sanitation Water Production Income Wages Prices Aid Entitlements Expenditure Economic Conflict Climate Office of Food for Peace 6 A concept guides our food assistance analyses

7. CHOOSING A RESPONSE: Is food aid the right response? Who are the right people to be assisted? What are the right commodities for these people? How much is the right amount of commodity? What are the right programs for the vulnerable? How soon are the commodities needed and for how long? (right time) Office of Food for Peace 7

8. FEWS NET Provides decision makers with accurate, timely, and actionable information to prevent famine in Africa, Central America & Haiti, and Afghanistan

9. Prices only tell us so much --- very little. Need to understand the sub-national and regional structure, conduct and performance of markets and trade. We need to anticipate what role the local market will play in a crisis

10. Vital to know: Structure and Conduct of Markets

11. From learning to action We used to monitor all Niger’s food prices only in Niger Then we thought we should monitor the huge Dawanu market in Kano Now we know we can often monitor prices in 5 markets in northern Nigeria to have a window on Niger market prices. Kano’s Dawanu market

12. FEWS NET Price Watch: Now constantly monitoring food prices Change of > +-10% Change of +- 1-9.9%Change of < +-1%

13. Who’s really producing, eating, buying, moving, or selling food? Poor, or no credible national population estimates Poor information at the local level Accurate local denominator data is a fundamental need Need to know how many people live where, with some precision, in order to meet their needs. Fundamental information is often scarce

14. Better information is available www.populationexplorer.comwww.populationexplorer.com: Estimated 2009 population of every sq. kilometer of the globe, free, on your computer

16. Emergency Food Aid: Peak Needs

17. A timely response needs time

18. NON-EMERGENCY FOOD AID: STRATEGIC COUNTRY APPROACH Funding is focused from 33 to 20 countries for the greatest impact The criteria used to identify the most food insecure countries: % of children stunted % of population earning < $1.25/day % of population undernourished Market Analysis M&E 2010 Focus Countries Afghanistan Bangladesh Burkina Faso Burundi Chad Congo (DRC) Ethiopia Guatemala Haiti Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Niger Sierra Leone Sudan Uganda Zambia Office of Food for Peace 18