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Published byAlexina Johns Modified over 9 years ago
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Health Care Issues Cost – To Society Access Quality
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Cost
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Access: % without Health Insurance
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Quality
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Health Care Market Competition large number of buyers and sellers Information buyer and seller have full information Externalities third parties do not bear costs or benefits
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Competition Licenses limit number of suppliers Patents on pharmaceuticals create monopolies Increasing number of health insurance providers limits bargaining power all this increases costs
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Information Doctors, not patients, have most of the information Doctors (providers) make the major decisions, but do not bear the costs
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Externalities Socialized costs: Insurance (government and private). Socialized benefits: communicable diseases. Government tax benefits subsidize expensive insurance. Cost of care for uninsured passed on to the insured.
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History of US Health Care U.S. Health Care History 1919: California Health Insurance defeated 1935: Social Security Act: No Health Ins. 1937: National Institute of Health 1946: Hill-Burton Act: Hospital construction 1950: Truman NHI defeated; AMA opposed 1950's AMA supports Blue Cross\Blue Shield Health Insurance Tax deductible
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History (Continued) 1965: Medicaid and Medicare: (AMA opposed) 1973: Health Maintenance Organizations (tax and regulatory preferences) 1974: National Health Planning and Resources Development Act: {Certificates of Need} 1986 (COBRA) – (continue plan after losing job) 1994 Clintons' Health Care Plan defeated 1996: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act -- continued coverage pre- existing conditions 1997: CHIPS (children’s health insurance) 2003: Health Savings Accounts
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Health Care: Europe and US Europe National Health Service, or National Health Insurance Covers 80-100% of pop Covers 70-90 of costs United States Medicare (elderly) {Parts A & B} Medicaid (poor) Tax exclusion for employer coverage (middle class) Indian Health Services CHIPS (working poor, children) Veterans Health Care More………….
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US Programs (continued) Black Lung Health Benefits Municipal Hospitals Community Health Clinics Community Mental Health Kidney dialysis program Covers 45% of pop Covers 45% of cost (excluding tax benefits)
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