1. Selected Joints of the Body The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the scapula.

2. Selected Joints of the Body The elbow joint is a hinge joint formed by the humerus, the ulna, and the radius.

3. Selected Joints of the Body The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the femur and the os coxae.

4. Selected Joints of the Body The knee joint is a modified hinge joint. It is the largest and most complex joint of the body.

5. Selected Joints of the Body The knee joint

6. Selected Joints of the Body The knee joint

7. Selected Joints of the Body The knee joint

8. Aging and Arthroplasty The effect of aging on joints varies considerably from person to person. By age 80, almost everyone develops some type of degeneration in the knees, elbows, hips, and shoulders. – Osteoarthritis is at least partially age-related. – Aging results in thinning of the articular cartilage and decreased production of synovial fluid in joints. – Ligaments shorten and lose elasticity.

9. Joint arthroplasty is the surgical implantation of an artificial joint. The most commonly replaced are the hips, knees, and shoulders. – Partial hip replacements involve only the femur, while total hip replacements involve both the acetabulum and head of the femur. Aging and Arthroplasty

11. Potential complications of arthroplasty include infection, blood clotsand nerve injury.

12. Aging and Arthroplasty Components of an artificial knee

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