1. Revision
Causes of WW2

2. Why had
international
peace
collapsed by 1939?

3. “The Big Picture”
The steps to war,

4. In 1933 Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany
In 1933 Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Between 1933 and 1939 he made moves which made war more likely.
Versailles
&

5. Versailles
&

6. Versailles
League

7. Versailles
League

8. Rearmament
Versailles
League

9. Rearmament
Versailles
League

10. Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

11. Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

12. Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

13. Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

14. Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

15. Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

16. Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

17. Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

18. Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

19. Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

20. Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939 Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

21. Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

22. Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

23. Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

24. Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

25. Invasion of Poland, September 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

26. WAR Invasion of Poland, September 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
Invasion of Czechoslovakia 1939
Sudetenland taken 1938
Union with Austria 1938
WAR
Rome-Berlin Axis Pact
Rhineland
Rearmament
Versailles
League

27. Causes which built up over time…
Long Term Causes
League
failure
Versailles

28. right atmosphere for war
League
failure = +
Versailles
right atmosphere for war

29. + + + =
Versailles
League
Appeasement
Hitler
almost certain war!

30. Long term Hitler’s leadership and aims
The failure of the League of Nations
The Treaty of Versailles
The isolation of the USA
British Appeasement
The failure to achieve disarmament

31. I had 4 major foreign policy aims.
So what did Hitler want?
I had 4 major foreign policy aims.

32. To unite
German
speaking people
by uniting with
Austria.
To reverse the
Treaty of
Versailles by
taking back
the land
Germany lost.
To achieve
Lebensraum
(living space)
for the German
people by
expanding
eastwards.
To re-arm
Germany by
increasing the
Germany army
and building
an airforce.

33. How did the Treaty of Versailles help cause WW2?
It created bitterness in Germany.
It helped Hitler come to power because he promised the German people that he would reverse it.
It gave Hitler his foreign policy aims.

34. How did the failure of the League of Nations help cause WW2?
It failed to keep peace.
It failed miserably in Manchuria and Abyssinia and so set an example to Hitler.
It showed that Britain and France would do almost anything to prevent war.
Hitler learnt many lessons from all this.

35. What was Hitler’s attitude to the Treaty of Versailles? [4]
unfair – it took away land, reduced the military and blamed Germany for causing the war which led to reparations;
humiliated Germany because of French desire for revenge;
it needed to be reversed to restore pride in Germany

36. Missing words economic depression Manchuria weak/useless/slow
Mussolini
Abyssinia
remilitarised the Rhineland
Stresa
Britain, France, Italy
Hitler and Mussolini

38. Chronology The Treaty of Versailles 1919
Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931
Hitler comes to power 1933
Hitler begins to re-arm Germany 1934
The remilitarisation of the Rhineland 1936
The Rome-Berlin Axis 1936
Neville Chamberlain – appeasement 1937
The Austrian Anschluss 1938
The Munich Conference Sept 1938
Hitler gains the Sudetenland Sept 1938
The invasion of Czechoslovakia March 1939
The Nazi-Soviet Pact August 1939
The invasion of Poland Sept 1939

39. Event – Versailles treaty
Helped Hitler come to power because it gave him his foreign policy aims – he could set about reversing it which helped cause the war because it led to Appeasement.

40. Event – Appeasement
Helped cause war because it made Hitler more confident. By letting him take various lands, he became convinced that Britain and France would not stop him.

41. Event – Manchuria
With Abyssinia, it showed Hitler how powerless the League of Nations was. Therefore he had nothing to worry about. He could do what he wanted.

42. Event – The Nazi-Soviet Pact
Helped cause war because the agreement sealed the fate of Poland. By making a deal with the Soviets, Hitler avoided a war on two fronts.

43. Event – invasion of Poland
Started the war because Hitler had gone too far for Britain and France. They stood up to him finally.

44. Appeasement - FOR gave Britain time to re-arm
a strong Germany was a barrier to Communism
British people did not want war
Hitler’s first demands were not unreasonable.

45. Appeasement - AGAINST naïve – Hitler had always made his aims clear
It put war off, it did not prevent it.
It encouraged Hitler to be more aggressive.
It made Germany stronger.

46. Anyone got any good ideas about where we should take over now?

47. Which country should
be most worried now?

50. I want the pink land!
Sudetenland
(part of
Czechoslovakia)

51. ‘Why?’,
you ask!

52. Most of Czechoslovakia’s industry 3 million German speakers
main defences
3 million German speakers

53. Why did Hitler’s demands make a war in Europe more likely?
He was not just reversing the Treaty of Versailles.
He was aggressively threatening another country.
This was new; he had become more confident.

54. Neville Chamberlain
flew over
to Germany
To meet Hitler

56. Hitler stepped up his demands and the Czechs refused to agree
Then Chamberlain met Hitler again.
It looked like war!
Hitler stepped up his demands and the Czechs refused to agree

60. So Mussolini called an emergency meeting at Munich in October 1938
Hitler
Chamberlain
Mussolini
The Czech leader
was not invited
Daladier
(France)
Neither was Stalin (leader of Russia)

61. THE MUNICH CONFERENCE
Poor old Benes had
to sit outside

62. What do you think was
agreed at Munich?

63. You can have the Sudetenland, old chap!

64. So long as that’s it, you rascal!
Cheers, Nev.
I promise that Britain and Germany will never go to war!!

65. The Munich Agreement Hitler could take the Sudetenland
Britain and Germany would never go to war.

66. Neville Chamberlain returned home
to a hero’s welcome!!

70. ‘God bless you Mr Chamberlain
A popular song from 1938:
‘God bless you Mr Chamberlain
We’re all mighty proud of you,
You look so swell holding your umbrella,
All the world loves a wonderful fella
So carry on Mr Chamberlain,
You know we’re all with you,
And when we shout, ‘God Bless You Mr Chamberlain’,
Our hats go off to you!’

71. The Invasion of Poland
Step 9

72. On 1st September 1939, Germany invaded Poland.

73. Hitler used Blitzkreig tactics
Infantry
Air attack
tanks

74. Blitzkreig = lightning war
using combined forces of air bombing, troops and tanks

75. The Nazis invaded
from the west.
The Russians invaded
from the east.

76. Remember, Hitler had made a deal to split Poland with Russia.
The Nazi-Soviet Pact

77. Poland

78. Timeline of events 1939 August – Nazi-Soviet Pact signed
1st September – Hitler invaded Poland
2nd September – British ultimatum sent
3rd September – Britain declared war

79. Why did Hitler invade Poland?
To get more living space (Lebensraum)
The Polish Corridor
was taken away from Germany at Versailles.
There were German speaking people in Poland.
I thought I could get away with it. I had before!

80. Why did Hitler invade Poland?
Reverse the Treaty of Versailles
Living Space (Lebensraum)
German people in Poland
Appeasement

81. Why did the Nazi-Soviet Pact make war inevitable?
It stopped Hitler having to fight a war on two fronts if Britain attacked in the west.
It allowed Hitler to take most of Poland with little effort.

82. Neville Chamberlain
Chamberlain sent the Nazis an ultimatum (warning with a threat).
Hitler ignored it.
Chamberlain declared war on Germany.
France followed.

83. Exam Technique Practice – What is the message of this cartoon?

84. Hitler, scared, much smaller.
Mars the God of War
Hitler, scared, much smaller.
Hitler did not expect
a big war. He has gambled
too much.

85. 5 mins M D K The message of the cartoon is… I know this because in
My own knowledge tells
me that… D K

87. Explain why Germany invaded Poland in 1939? (9)
10 mins
Explain why Germany invaded Poland in 1939? (9)
You need to explain at least two reasons in detail. Try to explain three to be on the safe side.
Nev's tip
Don’t just identify the reasons, explain them!

88. A writing frame to help Finally, Hitler invaded Poland because…
There were several reasons why Hitler invaded Poland.
Firstly, Hitler intended to break the Treaty of Versailles…..
Another reason was…