1. Lithography it was invented in the mid 1790's
it's based on the natural antagonism between oil and water
a print is made from a design drawn on a flat stone block with a greasy crayon; the stone is wiped with water, then the ink is applied to the wet stone
when printed, the ink adheres only parts of the stone marked with the oil-based crayon

2. Lithography
because the stone used to print the lithograph could only be made so large, the size of the print was limited
yet, the durability of the stone allowed for many, many, many prints to be made—quite cheaply
the technique did not require the artist to master an entirely new technique like engraving (which is done with a burrin on a metal plate)

3. Theodore Gericault Pity the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man 1821 Romanticism

4. Théodore Gericault Swiss Guard and Wounded Veteran 1819 Romanticism

5. Francisco Goya The Divided Arena from The Bulls of Bordeux (series of 4 lithographs) Romanticism

6. Francisco Goya Spanish Entertainment from The Bulls of Bordeux (series of 4 lithographs) Romanticism

7. Eugène Delacroix Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard 1843

8. Eugène Delacroix The Death of Ophelia 1843

9. Honoré Daumier A Disgruntled Litigant 1845

10. Honore Daumier Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834 1834
This lithograph, published in Association Mensuelle, illustrates an event that occurred during the riots of April 1834, when government troops opened fire on the inhabitants of a building.
Honore Daumier
Rue Transnonain, April 15,

11. Etching
First a metal plate is coated on both sides with varnish, which is resistant to acid.
Then the artist creates the image directly on the varnish by using a sharp needle to expose the metal.
The metal plate is placed in an acid bath—the lines made by the needle (the exposed metal)--—is vulnerable to the acid which then “eats away” at this exposed metal
By controlling the amount of time the metal is exposed to the acid, the artist is able to make either fine, shallow lines or heavy, deep lines.
This process limits the artist to a certain extent, because an image can only be so big, because a printing press can only be so big. But this process also allows the artist to make corrections if mistakes occur.
Finally, an etching is a form of art which allows the artist to make multiple reproductions for sale; the most valuable etchings are the first ones made from a plate.

12. Rembrandt
Self-Portrait 1639

13. Rembrandt
Self-Portrait with Saskia 1654