1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Straight Talk: STD’s
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

2. Gonorrhea 350,000 cases reported each year
Another 350,000 are unreported
Oral, anal, vaginal sex
Symptoms appear 30 days after exposure
Women: abnormal vaginal discharge, painful urination
Men: discharge from penis, burning urination, swollen testicles

3. Gonorrhea Rectal infection: pain, itching, bleeding
Many people have NO symptoms
If left untreated: Can cause PID, which can lead to infertility
Babies born to infected mothers can have the infection. Blindness, joint infections, blood infections.

4. Gonorrhea Test: Urine/swab of discharge
Treatment: Both partners need antibiotics
Prevention: Abstinence (100% effective) or condoms (very effective).

5. Gonorrhea

6. Chlamydia More than 1 million cases are reported
2-3 million go unreported
Oral, anal, vaginal sex
Symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after exposure
Women: abnormal vaginal discharge, painful urination
Men: discharge from penis, painful urination

7. Chlamydia 75% of women and 50% of men have no symptoms
Can cause PID/infertility in women
May cause premature delivery. Eye infections and respiratory problems
Test: Urine/swab of discharge
Treatment: Both partners need antibiotics
Prevention: Abstinence (100%) condoms(very effective)

8. Chlamydia

9. Syphilis 36,000 cases are reported each year Oral, anal vaginal sex
Primary stage: small, painless sore at site of infection. Can last 3-6 weeks and can heal without treatment
Secondary stage: Rough, reddish, brown rashes on palms of hand or soles of feet

10. Syphilis
Secondary stage: Fever, swollen glands, sore throat, headache. Will disappear without treatment
The infection remains in the body without symptoms.
It can reappear 10 – 20 years after infection and can damage internal organs, blindness, paralysis, dementia
Blood test

11. Syphilis Babies can have seizures, developmentally delayed, die
Blood test
Antibiotics will cure the infection but cannot reverse any damage. Both partners need to be treated
Prevention: Abstinence (100%) or condoms (very effective)

12. Syphilis

13. Genital Herpes
1 in every 5 adolescents and adults (45 million Americans) are infected with genital herpes
Oral, anal, vaginal sex. Transmitted from skin around infected area
Symptoms appear within two weeks after exposure

14. Genital Herpes
Symptoms: Small blisters around genitals or anus that break leave open sores. Sores heal in 2-4 weeks. Repeated outbreaks of blisters can occur, but are usually less severe than first outbreak
Some have no symptoms
In rare cases, babies born to infected mother can get fatal infections

15. Genital Herpes
Test: Visual inspection of sores, swab of fluid from sores, blood test
Treatment: No cure. Medications can provide relief from discomfort during outbreaks and can reduce risk of transmission
Prevention: Abstinence (100%) or condoms (only partly effective because they may not cover all the areas that can transmit the virus

16. Genital Herpes

17. Human Papillomavirus HPV
More than 40 different types of HPV can infect the genital area
Some cause genital warts. Others cause cervical cancer
Anal and vaginal sex. Also may be transmitted from the skin around the infected area
Symptoms can appear years after infection

18. HPV
Symptoms: No symptoms. Flat, raised or cauliflower-shaped warts occur in the genital area. Abnormal pap smear
Babies born to infected mothers may have warts in their throats or voice boxes
Test: Pap smear, warts, no general test to detect HPV

19. HPV Treatment: Warts can be removed, cancer can be treated.
Prevention: Abstinence (100%) or condoms (only partly because they may not cover all areas)
Vaccine is available for women to prevent the types of HPV that cause cervical cancer
Regular gynecological exams will detect cervical cancer early

20. HPV

21. Hepatitis B HBV
More than 5,000 new cases reported each year. Estimated that 800,000 to 1.4 million Americans have HBV infections
Oral, anal, vaginal sex. May be transmitted through blood contact
Symptoms appear within 6 months of exposure

22. HBV
Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice. Can last for a few weeks to 6 months. Virus remains indefinitely
Babies born to infected mothers can also be infected
Test: Blood test

23. HBV
Treatment: Monitor the health of the liver. Medications are available to treat, but there is no cure
Prevention: Abstinence (100%) or condoms (very effective)
Vaccine
Most children are required to have the vaccination

24. HBV

25. HIV/AIDS
56,000 new infections occur each year. More than 1 million Americans are estimated to be living with HIV
Oral, anal, vaginal sex. Blood contact
Initial symptoms may appear with a few weeks of infection, then disappear. Symptoms that indicate immune system decline can take 6 to 10 years to be seen

26. HIV/AIDS Initial symptoms are flu-like.
Later symptoms include swollen glands, fungal growth in the mouth, fatigue, weight loss, fevers, night sweats
Progresses to AIDS. The immune system no longer functions properly and becomes venerable to infections

27. HIV/AIDS
Babies born to infected mothers may become infected; however, there are medicines to possibly prevent it.
Test: Blood test
Treatment: No cure, but medications to slow the reproduction of the virus and help bolster the immune system
Prevention: Abstinence (100%) condoms (very effective)

28. HIV/AIDS

29. Trichomoniasis 7.4 million Americans are infected each year
Vaginal sex
Symptoms usually appear 5 to 28 days after exposure in women.
Men usually don’t have any symptoms
Women: frothy, smelly vaginal discharge, discomfort during intercourse or urination

30. Trichomoniasis
Men: Discharge from penis, slight burning after ejaculation or urination
Babies born to infected mothers may have low birth weight or be premature
Test: physical exam/lab test
Treatment: Medications are available
Prevention: Abstinence (100%) or condoms (very effective)

31. Pubic Lice ‘Crabs’ Very common
Contact with infested skin/hair, clothing, towels, sheets, or other personal items
If only eggs are transmitted, symptoms will occur with 2 to 4 weeks
Symptoms include itching and small bruise marks from insect bites around the pubic hair, eyelashes, beard or armpit hair

32. Pubic Lice
Over the counter or prescription lotions, creams, shampoos are available to kill the lice and eggs
Prevention: Abstinence is suggested, but it may not be effective because transmission can occur by sharing clothing or linens

33. Pubic Lice

34. If you take away only a few things from this lesson, please…
Take note of any:
- Sores, bumps, blisters near mouth or genitals
- Burning pain during urination or bowel movement
- Flu-like symptoms like chills, fever, aches
- Swelling in the groin area

35. Women, please take note of…
Unusual odor or discharge from vagina
Pelvic pain
Burning/itching around vagina
Unusual bleeding
Pain during intercourse
Increased severity of menstrual cramps/abnormal periods

36. Gentlemen, please take note of…
Discharge from penis
Pain in testicles
Inflammation or pain from head of the penis
Burning after urination or ejaculation

37. And (for heaven’s sake) remember…
Most STD’s cause no symptoms, particularly in women. If symptoms do develop, they may be confused with other diseases not transmitted through sexual contact
Even STD’s that are easily curable often show no symptoms and can cause permanent damage if left untreated
If you have any symptoms or think you may have been exposed to an STD, contact a healthcare provider immediately!

38. Finally….
ABSTINACE IS THE ONLY 100% EFFECTIVE WAY NOT TO CONTRACT ANY KIND OF STD!!!