1. The Rise of Cities & Civilizations
Aim: How do civilizations develop?
Do Now: What caused civilizations to develop in the Neolithic Revolution?
Mr. BETA

2. What are the Four (4) Social Studies Categories
Geography:
Where is it? Is the land mountainous? Desert? Isolated by Geographic Features?
Political:
Government -- Who controls what? What type of government is there? Anything to do with laws or war.
Economic:
Trade -- What type of economy? How do people make a living? It is NOT money!
Social: Society & Culture – Religious, Art, Traditions, Social Class

3. The Start of Ancient Civilization
We begin at about 9,000 years ago when village life began in the New Stone Age.
Also known as the
Neolithic Revolution.
NEW
STONE

4. What is the REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY new way of living
From:
Hunter-Gatherers
Agriculture & Herding to

5. The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived.
Agriculture (Farming)
Growth of Cities
Division of Labor (Job Specialization)
Trade
Writing and Mathematics
Government
Surplus
= Civilization
Laws

6. What traits are necessary in order for a society to be a civilization?
Extensive and dense population
People not involved in food production
Monumental public buildings
Ruling class living off surplus
Systems of recording
Exact & predictive sciences (e.g. geometry)
Full-time craft specialists
Long distance trade
State organization based on residence rather than kingship
(Surplus/Specialization)
(Specialization)
(Government/Religion)
(Government/Surplus)
(Writing)
(Specialization)
(Specialization)
(Specialization/Surplus)
(Government)

8. Geography of Mesopotamia
What does Mesopotamia mean?
The Land Between the Two (2) Rivers
What are the names of these two rivers?
Tigris River 1.
Euphrates River 2.

9. What is another name for the Area Around Mesopotamia?
The Fertile Crescent
Why would we call it that? Because it is shaped like a quarter moon and the land is able to be farmed over and over. (Green Area)

10. An area of elevated flat land.
What is a Plateau?

11. The paths of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
The paths of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. This creates Mesopotamia and rich farming land.
Taurus Mountains
(In Present Day Turkey)
1. Water from the melting snow rushes to the valley below.
Plateau
Flood Plain
2. The Two Rivers form and run over the Elevated Flat Land
Persian Gulf
3. The Rivers flow and flood the low land making the land fertile for planting crops
4. The Two Rivers
Empty into the Persian Gulf
Can you name the current modern country Mesopotamia is located in?

12. IRAQ

13. From Rivers to Fields Silt Silt flows down Tigris & Euphrates
Deposits mostly down near Persian Gulf (Southern Mesopotamia)
Droughts
Not much Rain
Flood at Harvest Time not at Growing Time
Irrigation
Create Canals and Artificial Lakes
Controlled Water for use when needed

14. Euphrates River

15. Do you think the rivers flood today?
Tigris River
Satellite Image of the Tigris River Before & After Flooding
Iraq, 2005
After Flooding
March 16, 2005
Tigris River
February 7, 2005
Before Flooding

16. Mesopotamia Civilizations
Sumerian City States

17. Sumer What is a city-state?
A self-governing city which also governs surrounding villages.
Eridu
Most important city-states were: Ur, Uruk, Eridu

18. Sumer City-States c. 3000 BC Same time as Menes unified Egypt
Sometimes fought for control of neighboring city-states

19. Architecture (building) - Ziggurat
Located in center of cities, large, towering mud-brick building.
Had a temple at the top, for religious purposes.

20. Writing
Cuneiform – System of writing invented in Sumer.
Used for record keeping, laws, stories, instructions, riddles, proverbs, education, math, and science.
Scribes – Mostly Boys, but some girls (rare)

21. City Life
Huge city gates, with large walls.
Often went to war with other city-states, for resources such as river water.
Food brought to cities by area farmers

22. Religion
City revolved around temple & religion.
Food brought to feed temple god and priests and King.
Each city-state worshiped a different god or goddess. Polytheism (many gods) (Ishtar – Love & War or Enki – Water)

23. Hammurabi of Babylon ( BC) was able to create a unified kingdom over all of southern Mesopotamia

24. What are
codes of law?
It is a written set of laws that apply to everyone under a government.

25. The United States Constitution
What is the main code of law of the United States?

26. Why? Code of Hammurabi Discovered in 1901 in Susa
Pillar with over 200 laws
One of the oldest code of laws. (4,000 years old)
Showed Slavery existed in Babylonia.
Not everyone was treated the same. Different laws for different groups of people.
Why?

27. Egyptian Civilization
AIM: What were the major contributions of Ancient Egypt?
Land of the Pharaohs
Egyptian Civilization

28. Ancient Egypt
GEOGRAPHY

29. Where in the world is Egypt?
Continent:
Africa
Location:
Northeast Corner

31. The Nile River It is also the lifeblood of Egypt. Why?
What is Egypt’s most visible & Important Geographic feature?
It is also the lifeblood of Egypt.
Why?

34. By looking at the map which way do you think the Nile river flows?
(From what direction to what direction?)
From South to North
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt

35. The Egypt is divided into two (2) parts.
What are they called?
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
1. _____________
2. _____________
Where on the map are they located?

36. The rulers of Lower & Upper Egypt had crowns to wear.
Why would a ruler wear both crowns at the same time?

37. A Delta or The Nile Delta
Why do you think we call it a delta?
What is the wide part of the Nile River called?
A Delta or The Nile Delta
GREEK LETTER
DELTA The letter for our “D”

38. Because the Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea it dumps this into the Nile Delta?
Silt
A tiny mixture of soil and rock.

39. How do you think the Ancient Egyptian Farmer watered their fields?
What technology was used?
Shadouf
Most irrigation in the Nile Valley is done by gas-powered or diesel-powered pumps nowadays -- but every so often we saw someone using a shadouf. This ancient irrigation technique is a bucket on a long, counter-weighted arm that the farmer swings down into the water and over to the field.
The watering of land by canals or pipes.
irrigation

40. What is a Pharaoh? What is unification? A ruler of Egypt
Joining of separate parts into one
Name some ways a Pharaoh could
unify Egypt?

41. Administration, Taxes, Judges
Life Under Pharaoh
Administration, Taxes, Judges
Government
Religion
Economy
Child of Sun God Ra
He Gives Life to Egypt
Domestication
Agriculture – Farming
Surplus
Specialization
Trade

42. Slaves Soldiers Scribes Merchants Artisans Farmers Pharaoh
Government Officials
Soldiers
Scribes
Merchants
Artisans
Farmers
Slaves

43. Indus River Valley Civilizations
AIM: What contributions did Ancient Indian Civilization have?

44. Subcontinent
A large land mass geographically separated from the rest of the continent.
India is a subcontinent, separated from Asia by Himalaya Mountains.

45. monsoon seasonal winds that bring rain
Indus Valley farmers depended on the rains to irrigate their land

46. Civilization Develops
Sophisticated urban centers
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Dynamic trade state - trade with Mesopotamia and China
Monsoons

47. Cities very sophisticated with advanced sewage systems & city grid system street planning

48. Decline due to Degradation of the ecosystem
Migration of nomadic Aryans
Political collapse