1. A Heavy-Duty Vehicle Visual Classification Scheme: Heavy-Duty Vehicle Reclassification Method for Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Development Prepared for CEE6792 Seungju Yoon

2. OUTLINE Background Objectives Current HDV classification schemes HDV weight regulation HDV manufacturers’ information Current methods of HDV reclassification A new HDV reclassification scheme Emissions rates analysis Uncertainties Recommendations

3. BACKGROUND Atlanta highly depends goods movement (60% of consumer goods) on freight trucks emitting major mobile NOX and DPM, comparing to other metropolitan areas in U.S. Air Quality agencies should develop accurate mobile source emissions inventory for regional air quality planning Current HDV reclassification method (EPA) causes loosing the find resolution of the FHWA classes HDV on HPMS database

4. OBJECTIVES Develop a new HDV reclassification method using GT visual HDV classification scheme and POLK data within 21 counties in Atlanta Compare pollutant emissions rates from the new HDV reclassification method to them from EPA reclassification method

5. EPA HDV CLASSIFICATION (1) Combination of growth vehicle weight ratings (GVWR) and fuel type (gasoline or diesel) Sixteen HDV classes  Classes 6 to 13 for gasoline vehicles  Classes 16 to 23 for diesel vehicles

6. EPA HDV CLASSIFICATION (2) HDV ClassesAbbreviationGVWR (1,000 lbs) 6/16HDV2b8.5 – 10.0 7/17HDV3 – 14.0 8/18HDV4 – 16.0 9/19HDV5 – 19.5 10/20HDV6 – 28.0 11/21HDV7 – 33.0 12/22HDV8a – 60.0 13/23HDV8b > 60.0

7. FHWA HDV CLASSIFICATION (1) Combination of the number of axles and tractor-trailer configurations Nine HDV classes  Single units (Class 5, two-axles, six-tires)  Single units (Classes 6 to 7)  Double units (Classes 8 to 10)  Multiple units (Classes 11 to 13)

8. FHWA HDV CLASSIFICATION (2)

9. GT VISUAL HDV CLASSIFICATION Combination of the number of axles and tractor-trailer configurations according to their horsepower ratings Four HDV classes  Class A (Single unit, two-axles)  Class B (Single unit, +two-axles)  Class C (Two units, three or four-axles)  Class D (+two units, +four-axles)

10. FHWA HDV GVWR REGULATIONS A single axle: 20,000 lbs A tandem axle: 34,000 lbs Two axle HDV: 40,000 lbs Three axle HDV: 60,000 lbs Four axles and more HDV: 80,000 lbs

11. HDV MANUFACTURERS’ INFO (1) Gasoline HDVGVWGCWAxlesTires Light (pick-ups/vans)10,000-24 Light (chassis-cabs/ cutaways) 15,000-26 Medium34,00060,00026 Heavy54,00060,0003

12. HDV MANUFACTURERS’ INFO (2) Diesel HDVGVWGCWAxlesTires Light (pick-ups/vans) 10,000-24 Light (chassis-cabs/ cutaways) 15,000-26 Medium 34,00060,00026 Heavy 64,00080,0003

13. CURRENT RECLASSIFICATION METHODS (1) EPA method  Combine all FHWA HDV classes and apportion EPA HDV classes according to these local or national VMT fractions FHWA 5 FHWA 6 FHWA 7 FHWA --- FHWA 5 FHWA 6 FHWA 7 FHWA --- EPA 6 EPA 7 EPA 17 EPA --- VMT FRACTIONS HPMS DATABASE

14. CURRENT RECLASSIFICATION METHODS (2) National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) method  Apply conversion factors, which were developed from the national VMT fractions of FHWA classes, for FHWA HDV classes to EPA HDV classes or vise versa

15. VEHICLES FRACTIONS ON POLK DATA AxleVehicle TypeEPA Vehicle Classes (1,000 lbs) 10141619.5263360>60 2Chassis-cab0.450.54 0.00 2Incomplete VEH0.38 0.160.020.050.00 - - 2Incomplete P/U0.980.02 - - - - - - 2,3Straight truck0.000.08 0.150.070.260.210.020.21 3Tractor - - -0.00 0.110.89 -

16. NEW RECLASSIFICATION METHOD - MAPPING CLASSES USING POLK DATA POLK VehiclesEPA, GVWR (1,000 lbs) 10141619.5263360>60 Chassis-cab GT Classes A & B Incomplete VEH Incomplete P/U Straight truck TractorGT Classes C & D

17. MAPPING CONVRSION FACTORS GT Classes EPA Classes 67---2223 A & B0.132310.11653---00 C & D00---0.618460.30704

18. VEHICLE VOLUE COLLECTION (1)

19. VEHICLE VOLUE COLLECTION (2) Daily vehicle miles traveled on Interstates and principal Arterials within 21 counties in Atlanta GT ClassesInterstatesPrincipal Arterials A & B2,653,802786,735 C & D5,165,0281,617,494

20. EMISSIONS RATE ESTIMATION (1) ER = emissions rate (ton/day) Er = emissions rates from Mobile6 (g/mi-veh) CF = conversion factors from POLK data Vol = Vehicle volumes RL = roadway segment lengths i = gasoline vehicles j = road segments k = diesel vehicles

21. EMISSIONS RATE ESTIMATION (2) PollutantsGT Method (ton/day) EPA Method (ton/day) Change (%) VOC4.03.78.1 CO45.660.0- 24.0 NOX172.3146.217.9 PM2.53.02.520.0

22. UNCERTAINTIES Regional vehicle registration distributions from POLK data may differ from the national registration distribution The percentages of articulated straight trucks and tractors were not known FHWA Class 5 may loose EPA Class HDV2b (GVWR, 10,000 lbs)

23. RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH WORKS GT visual HDV classification scheme is very useful to identify the HDV classes GT visual HDV scheme is the hybrid scheme of EPA and FHWA HDV classification schemes Fine tuning GT classes to EPA classes requires field data collection (GVWR by GT vehicle classes)

24. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Funded by Georgia Regional Transportation Authority Co-authored with Peng Zhang, James R. Pearson, Randall L. Guensler, and Michael O. Rodgers in Air Quality Laboratory, Transportation Research Group Be sent to AWMA conference in 2004