1. Plant Tissue Culture A rice plant growing in nutrient rich agar
A.K.A
Micropropagation
In vitro Culture
faperta.ugm.ac.id/newbie/download/pak_tar/Plantbiotechnology/TissuCulturebiotech2007.ppt

2. Plant Tissue Culture Learning Objectives
Introduction to Tissue Culture
Picture Dictation Exercise

3. Our Learning Objectives in relation to Tissue Culture
Reasons for propagating plants by tissue culture are stated
The culture process is described
Describe some common tissue culture methods
Including – meristem culture and embryo culture
Describe how the plant part is selected
Describe how the culture medium is made up
Explain the timing of plant selection

4. Introduction to Tissue Culture
Tissue Culture (also known as Micropropagation or In vitro culture) is:
The growing of plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.

5. Introduction to Tissue Culture
Plant tissue culture is a bit like the equivalent of ‘Dolly the sheep’ but using plants.

6. Introduction to Tissue Culture
Cloning Animal Cells
Cloning Plant Cells
Both these processes use undifferentiated cells

7. Picture Dictation Exercise
Take some meristematic cells from a plant.
These cells are called an explant
Place the explant on a sterile nutrient rich agar
The explant grows into a ball of cells
This ball of cells is called a callus
The callus then develops roots, stem and leaves
This is called a plantlet
Transplant the plantlet into a traditional growing media
Answer

8. Introduction to Tissue Culture
Is …the technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium
You might say … it is the plant equivalent of dolly the sheep
Back to picture dictation
Back to Contents

9. What are undifferentiated cells
In the human body we have lots of different types of cells
Blood cells
Muscle cells
Bones cells
Brain cells
An undifferentiated cell is a cell that does not yet have a specialised job
Next

10. What are undifferentiated cells
Undifferentiated cells in animals
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells in plants ?

11. You tube demonstrations

12. The Culture Medium (Media)
The environment surrounding the developing explants must provide the correct ‘necessities’ for plant growth.
Neccessities for plant growth

13. The Culture Medium (Media)
From this list of neccessaties – which ones are provided by the agar?
Neccessities for plant growth

14. Hormones in the agar Two Hormones Affect Plant Differentiation:
Auxin: Stimulates Root Development
Cytokinin: Stimulates Shoot Development
Generally, the ratio of these two hormones can determine plant development:
 Auxin ↓Cytokinin = Root Development
 Cytokinin ↓Auxin = Shoot Development
Auxin = Cytokinin = Callus Development

15. What is Callus development
A callus is a blob of tissue – (mostly undifferentiated cells)
A callus is naturally developed on a plant as a result of a wound
This callus can be left to develop or can be further divided

16. The culture medium contains a gel (agar) with the proper mixture of nutrients, sugars, vitamins and hormones (growth promotors),
These causes the plant part to grow at very rapid rates to produce new plantlets.  It has been estimated that one chrysanthemum apex placed in tissue culture could produce up to 1,000,000 new plantlets in one year.

17. Tissue Culture Transfer Protocol
Dr. Dan Lineberger of Texas A&M University demonstrates the protocol to transfer African violets from tissue culture containers where they were grown into a small �forest� of cloned plants (called multiplication culture tubes) to tissue containers where the young clones will form new roots.� After the roots are formed, they can be removed and potted into containers.  This procedure must be done in the sterile environment of a transfer hood.
Sterilize the surfaces of the transfer hood.
Sterilize all tools that touch the plants by first dipping in alcohol them flaming.
African violet clones in a shoot multiplication tube.
Remove the cluster of plants in the culture.
Insert the cluster of plants into the new culture container.
Break up the cluster of plants and spread them out.
Seal the container with paraffin film.
The culture before transfer (left) and after transfer (right).

18. Embry Culture

20. Plant Tissue Culture and G.E