1. Electricity & Light Therapy
Chapter #11
Electricity & Light Therapy

2. Electricity
______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________

3. Why do we study electricity?
All cosmetology professionals must have a basic working knowledge of their tools and how to maintain them & the effects they have

4. Electric Current
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5. Conductor
__________________________________ __________________________________
_________________________________
Ionic compounds in ordinary water make good conductors; hence it is not wise to swim during an electrical storm

6. Insulator Nonconductor
__________________________________ __________________________________

7. Complete Path
The path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source

8. Types of Electric Current
DC – ______________________: constant, even flowing current that travels in one direction only Ex: ________________________
AC – __________________________: rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction Ex: ______________________________

9. Electric Current
____________ – an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current. Ex: cell phone car charger
____________ – an apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current. Ex: cell phone wall charger

10. Electrical Measurements
______: unit that measures _________ or ___________
______: unit that measures _________ of electric current flowing through a conductor
________________: _________________; current used for facial and scalp treatment
________: unit that measures _________ of an electrical current
________: measurement of ____________ energy is being ____________________
___________: is _____________; electricity in your house is measured in kilowatts per hour

11. Electrical Equipment Safety
All electrical equipment should be inspected regularly to determine whether it is in safe working condition

12. Safety Devices
_________: device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit; it is _______________________________________ _________________ from overloading the circuit with too much current
_________________: _________________________ interrupts or _______________ and electric circuit at the first indication of overload; they have all the safety features of fuses but do not require replacement and _______________________

13. ______________________
All electrical appliances must have at least two electrical connections
The “live” connection supplies current to the circuit
The ground connection completes the circuit and __________________________________ __________________________________

14. Electrical plugs
One being slightly larger than the other guarantees that the plug can only be inserted one way and __________________________________
Some appliances have a third circular connection that provides ________________________

15. Guidelines for safe use of electrical equipment
All appliances you use should be UL certified
Read all instructions before using
Disconnect all appliances when not in use
Inspect all electrical equipment regularly
Keep all wire, plugs, and equipment in good repair
Use only one plug to each outlet
Avoid contact with water and metal surfaces when using electricity

16. Guidelines for safe use of electrical equipment cont’d
Do not leave client unattended while connected to an electrical devise
Keep electrical cords off the floor and away from people’s feet
Do not attempt to clean around electric outlets while equipment is plugged in
Do not touch two metal objects at the same time if either is connected to an electric current
Do not step on or place objects on electrical cords
Do not allow electrical cord to become twisted
Disconnect appliances by pulling on the plug, not the cord
Do not attempt to repair electrical appliances unless you are qualified 16

17. __________________________

18. Electrotherapy
__________________________________

19. Electrotherapy
Wall Plate: an instrument that plugs into an ordinary wall outlet and produces different types of currents that are used for __________ & ______________________
Treatments are called ________________

20. Electrotherapy Vocabulary
____________: _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________
_____________: _________________________ pole of an electric current
__________: __________ electrode; usually ______; marked with a “___” or a “____”
__________: ___________ electrode; usually ______; marked with an “___” or a “___”

21. 3 main modalities
___________________

22. Galvanic ____________________________
_______________________________________
Produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body
_____________________: process of ______________________________________________ ____________________________ with the use of electric current using galvanic current
___________________: ______________________________________________ ____________________________ using galvanic current ______________________________________________
__________________: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
__________________: process used to ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

23. Microcurrent
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Improves blood and lymph circulation
Produces acidic and alkaline reactions
Opens and closes hair follicles and pores
__________________________________________
Improves natural protective barrier of skin
Increases metabolism

24. Tesla High-Frequency
_________________________current with a _______________________
______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________
Used to Treat: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

25. Other Electrical Equipment
Conventional hood hair dryers & heat lamps are sources of dry heat generally used to shorten chemical processing time
Since dry heat causes evaporation, the hair must be covered with a processing cap to avoid drying - __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

26. Other Electrical Equipment
__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________
Steamers warm and cleanse the skin by increasing the flow of both oil and sweat
Estheticians often add essential oils to a facial steamer as part of skin therapy and to enhance general well-being

27. Other Electrical Equipment
Hair color processing machines or accelerating machines shorten the time that it takes to process chemical hair services
Looks similar to a hooded dryer
Dispenses a hot water vapor
_______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

28. Light Therapy
Electromagnetic radiation: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________
____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Electromagnetic spectrum: the entire range of wavelengths

29. Light Therapy cont...
______________________________ ______________________________
Ultraviolet and infrared rays are also forms of electromagnetic radiation but they are invisible because their wavelengths are beyond the visible spectrum of light – invisible rays make of 65% of natural sunlight
______________________________

30. Ultraviolet _______________________________ Shorter wavelengths
Penetrate less
Produce less heat than visible light
_____________________________________________
Exposure time 2 to 3 minutes with gradual increase in exposure time to 7 to 8 minutes

31. Types of UV Light
______: has the longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum and penetrates dermis; ____________________________________________________________
______: often called the burning light; frequently associated with sunburns; ______________________________
UVC: blocked by the ozone layer 31

32. Skin cancer
__________________________________ __________________________________
Over 1 million new cases being diagnosed each year
Estimated _____________________ will develop skin cancer and 90% of those will be the __________________________________ __________________________________

33. Infrared __________________________________ Longer wavelengths
Produce more heat than visible light
_______________________

34. Light and Heat Energy
Catalysts are used to make reaction happen more quickly; some use light and some use heat
Sunlight and even artificial room lights can start polymerization in the container. The same can happen when heat curing monomers are place in a hot car trunk, a store window, or other warm are
This is why it is important to properly store, close and cover your products

35. Lasers
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Photothermolysis: turns light from laser into heat
_____________________________________________
Most lasers are classified as a level II medical device which means that estheticians must be working under the supervision of a qualified physician to operate the laser 35

36. Laser hair removal

37. LED _____________________________________________
A medical device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve collagen content in the skin
Seeks chromophore (color component within skin such as blood or melanin)
Red light LED _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________
Yellow light LED _______________________________
Green light LED _______________________________
Blue light LED _________________________________

38. Light Therapy Contraindications
Light sensitivities
Phototoxic reactions
Taking antibiotics
Has cancer or epilepsy
Pregnancy
Under physician’s care 38

39. Intense Pulse Light
Device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Treatments are provided under the supervision of a physician. 39