1. STAR Testing Science Review 4 th and 5 th Grade Standards

2. 4 th Grade Standards  Life Sciences All organisms need energy & matter to live and grow. Living organisms depend on one another for survival.  Physical Sciences - Electricity and Magnetism  Earth Sciences Waves, wind, water, and ice shape and reshape the Earth’s land surface.

3. 4th Grade Life Science: All organisms need energy and matter to live and grow.  Plants are the primary source of matter and energy. Plants take energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide, and by the process of photosynthesis, they make food, oxygen and energy.

4. 4th Grade Life Science: All organisms need energy and matter to live and grow.  Primary consumers eat plants Herbivores (first level consumers) are animals that eat plants  Second and third level consumers are animals that eat other animals Carnivores

5.  Decomposers recycle matter from dead plants and animals Break down dead plants and animals (example: termites) Most microorganisms, including bacteria, are harmless to humans. 4th Grade Life Science: All organisms need energy and matter to live and grow.

6.  Competition Organisms may compete for food, water, sunlight, and shelter.  Sharing Resources Many different organisms can use the same resource at the same time.  Symbiosis A mutually beneficial relationship between different kinds of organisms. 4th Grade Life Science: All organisms need energy and matter to live and grow.

7.  Adaptations How are desert organisms adapted to a dry climate?  Desert plants and animals have special adaptations that allow them to survive in a harsh environment. 4th Grade Life Science: All organisms need energy and matter to live and grow.

8. 4th Grade Physical Science: Electricity and Magnetism  Electricity How to design and build a series and parallel circuit A series circuit only has one path for moving charges; when the path is broken, the energy can’t flow. A parallel circuit has two or more paths for moving charges.

9.  Electricity Electrical energy can be converted to heat, light, and motion  The heat given off when something is plugged in  Flashlights  Fans 4th Grade Physical Science: Electricity and Magnetism

10.  Electricity Electrically charged objects attract or repel each other  2 balloons rubbed with a piece of wool will have the same (like) electrical charge.  The balloons will move away from each other because like charges repel each other 4th Grade Physical Science: Electricity and Magnetism

11. Magnetism  The space near a magnet where magnetic forces act is called the magnetic field  Magnets have opposite poles at each end, and unlike poles attract; like poles repel 4th Grade Physical Science: Electricity and Magnetism

12.  Magnetism: How to create a simple compass and how to use it. A needle or some other wire- like piece of steel (a straight paper clip, for example)steel Something small that floats (a piece of cork, the bottom of a Styrofoam coffee cup, a piece of plastic or a milk jug cap)coffee A dish, like a pie plate, 9 to 12” in diameter, with about an inch of water in it 4th Grade Physical Science: Electricity and Magnetism The first step is to turn the needle into a magnet. The easiest way to do this is with another magnet -- stroke the magnet along the needle 10 or 20 times.

13.  Magnetism: Place your float in the middle of your dish of water as shown below. The "float on water" technique is an easy way to create a nearly frictionless bearing. Center your magnetic needle on the float. It very slowly will point toward north. You have created a compass!bearing 4th Grade Physical Science: Electricity and Magnetism

14.  Magnetism: Electromagnetism  Wires carrying an electric current become magnets.  An electromagnet is a core wrapped with wires that carry current.  The ends of the electromagnet are magnetic only when there is current in the wire.  Generators use electromagnets to produce current (electricity) from motion.  Motors use electromagnets to convert electricity to motion. 4th Grade Physical Science: Electricity and Magnetism

15. Earth Science: Rocks and Minerals Mohs’ hardness scale  1 is the softest (talc)  10 is the hardest (diamond)  Everything else is in between them. Seashells can be found within sedimentary rock. Scientists only use hardness, luster, and streak when classifying minerals.

16. Earth Science: Waves, wind, water, and ice shape and reshape Earth’s land surface  Erosion is the process that picks up sediment and moves it around. Moving water erodes landforms, reshaping the land  Deposition is the process that leaves sediment in a different place.  Remains or traces of past life found in the crust are called fossils.

17. 5 th Life Science  Plants and animals have structures for respiration, digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials. Plants use carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy from sunlight to build molecules of sugar and release oxygen  cells break down sugar to obtain energy, a process resulting in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (respiration).

18. 5 th Life Science  Plants and animals have structures for respiration, digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials.  There are two ways in which materials can get in and out of the cells. Passive transport: doesn’t require energy, water can go in and out of the cells by osmosis. Water diffuses in and out of the cell Diffusion is when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of less concentration. (example: egg and vinegar)

19. 5 th Life Science  Animals have structures for respiration, digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials. Respiration: Is the process in which organism get the oxygen they need and release carbon dioxide. Organisms break down sugars to obtain energy they need.

20. 5 th Life Science  Animals have structures for respiration, digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials. Circulatory system:  Blood circulates through the heart, lungs and body Oxygenated blood is taken to the heart from the lungs by the pulmonary vein The heart pumps the blood to the body. Arteries take blood to all the cells in your body. Vein bring back blood to the heart. Blood has waste material (carbon dioxide) The pulmonary arteries take blood back to the lungs.

21. 5 th Life Science  Animals have structures for respiration, digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials. The excretory system is in charge of the liquid waste disposal  The kidney is the organ that is in charge of removing cellular waste from the blood.

22. 5 th Life Science Animals have structures for respiration, digestion, waste disposal, and transport of materials.  In the digestive system food is broken down and digested to be used as energy The process starts in the mouth where food is broken down by saliva, then it transported to the stomach by the esophagus. In the stomach food continues to brake down by digestive juices. In the small intestine the nutrients are absorbed. The remains are then sent to the large intestine where waste is disposed and water is absorbed.

23. 5th Grade Physical Science  Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of matter in the world Matter has three states: Solid, liquid and gas  gaseous substances can change both shape and volume  water changes from a solid to a liquid when ice is freezing  water changes from a liquid to a gas when it is boiling All matter is made out atoms

24. 5th Grade Physical Science  Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of matter in the world All matter is made out atoms  Atoms  can NOT be reduced chemically into anything smaller  Atoms  can be rearranged in a chemical reaction  Atoms  can NOT “go away” or “just appear”

25. 5th Grade Physical Science  Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of matter in the world Salt  can be dissolved in water  combining an acid and a base forms water and a salt Mixtures  Combination of 2 or more substances that do NOT chemically bond with each other Compounds  two or more elements together (think compound word or rearranging letters in the alphabet)  the variety of compounds in the human body are formed as the 6 elements that are used as the “building blocks” / the atoms are organized to form different molecules

26. 5th Grade Physical Science  Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of matter in the world Elements  Are made of just one kind of atoms  The Periodic Table contain elements with similar chemical properties  single elements are listed on the table  steel is a mixture of two elements on the table/aka alloy

27. 5th Grade Earth Science  Water on Earth moves between the oceans and land through the processes of evaporation and condensation. Water vapor must cool and condense around dust particles for clouds to form Rain falls when water droplets grow large enough to fall to the ground Most of the water on Earth is in the oceans and, therefore, is saltwater Water condenses in clouds. The condensed water then forms raindrops, which fall back to Earth as precipitation. Drinking water can be stored in reservoirs for year-round As water evaporates, the salt is left behind. Because the lake is smaller than the ocean, similar evaporation rates would leave significantly less water in the lake, making it saltier.

28. Earth Science: The Water Cycle

29. Earth Science: Weather/Air Pressure Air pressure decreases as the distance from Earth’s surface increases Uneven heating of Earth causes winds Weather maps are used to make predictions over a short time period Heat from the warm water provides energy for a hurricane to develop and moist air conditions are also necessary Atmospheric pressure decreases as an object moves away from the surface of Earth. (example: a weather balloon released rises into the air & gets bigger, as the gas inside expands