1. HIGHER EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA
Mohamad Azley Ahmad
Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA)

2. National Higher Education Strategic Plan
Widening Access & Enhancing Equity
Improving the Quality of Teaching & Learning
Enhancing Research & Innovation
Strengthening HE Institutions
Intensifying Internationalisation
Enculturation of Lifelong Learning
MOHE’s Delivery System

3. Development of Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF) and MQA
Why? Experience dealing with private higher education sector
1997-diversity of qualifications + dualism private and public
Concern for human capital development & National Competitiveness
MQF is benchmarked against the main qualifications frameworks worldwide and International Standard
Classification of Education (ISCED 1997)
New entity-merger LAN and QAD
Nov Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA Act 2007)

4. What is the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF) ?
MQF is an instrument that develops and classifies qualifications based on a set of criteria that is approved nationally and at par with international practices, and which clarifies the earned academic levels, learning outcomes of study area and credit system based on student academic load.
MQF is a dynamic structure that develops according to priority and national changes

5. Benefit of MQF
Clarifies and provides consistency in nomenclature of qualifications
Facilitates parity, equivalency & mutual recognition of qualifications
Guides curriculum development & Increases academic autonomy
Reduces poor quality cross border education
Supports domestic regulation for GATS
Enhances public confidence, local & foreign

6. Desirable Impact of MQF Credit System in managing student learning
Credit calculation not entirely bound to contact hour
supports the varied mode of delivery namely full time, part time, week end, distant learning, e-learning, problem-based, hands-on collaborative degree and also non-structured learning in the informal sectors and self-learning
Emphasis is on student learning and learning outcomes
Paradigm shift - teacher as facilitator of learning / guide and managed student learning using varieties of teaching/learning and student assessment,
Facilitate lifelong learning
Allow autonomy for HEIs and students in developing scheme of study for the program

7. MQF : QUALIFICATIONS LEVEL AND EDUCATION PATHWAYS
UNIVERSITI
KEDOKTORAN
SARJANA
SARJANA MUDA
(KEPUJIAN)
KEM SUMBER
MANUSIA
DIPLOMA KEMAHIRAN
LANJUTAN
DIPLOMA
KEMAHIRAN
SIJIL
UNIV & KOLEJ UNIV,
POLITEKNIK,
KOLEJ KOMUNITI
& KOLEJ TIDAK ANUGERAH IJAZAH
DIPLOMA
LANJUTAN
TEK. & VOK
SIJIL 8 A P E L 7
SIJIL
& DIPLOMA
(PASCA IJAZAH)
SIJIL & DIPLOMA
(PERINGKAT IJAZAH) 6 5
PENGIKTIRAFAN PENGALAMAN & PENGETAHUAN TERKUMPUL 4 3 2 1
SIJIL TINGGI
PERSEKOLAHAN;
PENGAJIAN ASAS;
MATRIKULASI
SIJIL PERSEKOLAHAN 7 7 7

8. MINIMUM CREDIT AND QUALIFICATIONS LEVEL
PhD -
Masters 40
Bachelors
120
Advanced Diploma
Diploma 90
Certificate 60
Skills Cert 1, 2 & 3
Based on skills 8

9. HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
PUBLIC HEI’S
UNIVERSITIES: 20
COMMUNITY COLLEGES: 59
POLYTECHNICS: 27
OTHERS: 50

10. HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
PRIVATE HEI’S
University& University Colleges: 32
Univ. Branch Campuses:22
Univ. Colleges: 20
International Branch Campuses: 5
Non Universities Status: 393

11. MINISTRIES RELATED TO HEI’S
Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)
Ministry of Education (MOE)
Ministry of Information, Communication and Cultural
Ministry of Human Resource
Ministry of Youth and Sport 11

12. ENROLMENT PUBLIC HEI PRIVATE HEI LOCAL STUDENT 427, 084 426, 083
FOREIGN STUDENT
22, 456
58, 294

13. Academic Staff Qualifications Public HEI Private HEI PhD 7, 060 2, 630
Masters
14, 803
11, 755
Bachelors
4, 551
9, 880
Diploma
133
1, 239
Others
153
3, 789
Total
26, 700
29, 293

14. ACCREDITATION & RECOGNITION
Accreditation will be a basis for:
Recognition by Public Service Dept to work in public sector
Recognition for professional practice
Study loan
Further Study
Recognition is done by Public Service Dept
Malaysian Qualifications Register (MQR) list all qualifications accredited by MQA. 14

15. 9 AREAS OF EVALUATION Learning Outcomes Curriculum Design & Delivery
Student Selection and Support systems
Student evaluation systems
Academic Staff
Educational Resources
Program
Assessment
Leadership, Governance &
Administration
Continual Quality Improvement (CQI) 15

16. Learning Outcomes Credits Competency level PSYCHOMOTOR/ PRACTICAL/
TECHNICAL
SKILLS
Competency level
Communi
-cation
& team
skills
Life
Long
Learning &
Information Management
Managerial & Entrepreneu
-rial
Skills
Critical
Thinking & Scientific Approach
SOCIAL SKILLS &
RESPONSIBILITY
KNOWLEDGE
PROFESSIONALISM,
VALUES,
ATTITUDES,
ETHICS 16

17. MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS
It is about :
Building faith and commitment (Creating a Vision);
Creating a NICHE (making own BRAND and being own CEO);
Planning and Following through (GOALS & OUTCOMES);
Utilizing their strengths and what they do best.

18. Peter Drucker says,
“ Anyone who can face up to decision making can learn entrepreneurial skills and behave entrepreneurial.
Entrepreneurship is a behavior more than a personality trait.”

19. Outcome Based Education
“when there is alignment between what we want, how we teach and how we assess, teaching is likely to be much more effective than there is not.”
Walsh & Webb (2002)

20. Redifining OBE Spady, W. (1992)
OBE’s mission is to transform our culture by social engineering through psychological manipulation of behavior.
The outcomes are to produce students who “succeed” as workers, consumers, global citizens, and family members who are lifelong learners.

21. Learning Outcomes
Content
Teaching Format
Evaluation
OBE
Assessment

22. Learning Outcomes
Learning outcomes are statements of what students know and can do as a result of their respective courses of study.
Councils for HigherEducation Accredition Board of Directors,
USA 2002

23. EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM LEARNING AND SUBJECT OUTCOMES1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9
P10
P11
Mode of Delivery
Assessment Methods
Ability to solve engineering problems related to building acoustic and environmental noise pollution 1 2 3 2 3
Lecture and group activities
Tutorial classes & Quizzes 2
Ability to solve problems through computation on dynamic/vibration characteristic of strings 3 3 3 2
Lecture and group ativities
Tutorial classes & Laboratory Reports c
1 = slightly , 2 = moderately 3 = substantive

24. Example of Program Learning Outcome
PO an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science,
and engineering
PO an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to
analyze and interpret data
PO an ability to design a system, component, or process to
meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as
economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health
and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability
PO an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams
PO an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering
problems
PO an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility
PO an ability to communicate effectively
PO broad education necessary to understand the impact of
engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context
PO a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning
PO knowledge of contemporary issues
PO an ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.

25. Curtin’s course learning outcomes
1. Apply discipline knowledge, principles and concepts;
2. Think critically, creatively and reflectively;
3. Access, evaluate and synthesize information;
4. Communicate effectively;
5. Use technologies appropriately;
6. Utilize lifelong learning skills;
7. Recognize and apply international perspectives;
8. Demonstrate cultural awareness and understanding; and
9. Apply professional skills.
10. Any other course learning outcomes deemed essential by the course team
Course curriculum map showing developmental achievement of each course learning outcome
Sem 6
3.13
3.14
Sem 5
3.13
Sem 4
3.10
3.11
Sem 3
3.9
Sem 2
3.5
3.6
Sem 1
3.1
3.4

26. 1 = slightly , 2 = moderately 3 = substantive
EXAMPLE OF COURSE – PO MATRIX (SUBJECTS-COURSE OF STUDY OUTCOMES MATRIX)
Faculty of Engineering UKM, 2005
1 = slightly , 2 = moderately 3 = substantive

27. EXAMPLE OF COURSE STRUCURE IN OBE
Fakulti Kejuruteraan, UKM, 2005

28. WHERE ARE WE?
Knowledge
Skills
Attitudes

29. Today should be better than yesterday
Credit System: Concept, Policy, Practice and Procedure
Today should be better than yesterday 29 29

30. THANK YOU