1. The Digestive System

2. Functions: 1. mechanical and chemical breakdown of food 2. absorption of nutrients 3.Getting rid of waste Consists of: 1.alimentary canal 2.accessory organs

3. Alimentary Canal Consists of : mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

4. 1. Mixing Movements Rhythmic contractions mix food with digestive juices 2. Propelling Movements Peristalsis - pushes food down the tube

5. A. Digestion Begins with the MOUTH a.Tongue – moves food during chewing, connects to the floor of the mouth via the frenulum, contains papillae (taste buds) 1.Mouth – begins digestion by Chemical Digestion: mixing with saliva Mechanical Digestion: reducing size of particles (chewing)

6. b. Teeth: help mechanically digest food

7. Tooth Decay

9. C. Salivary Glands i.Produce amylase – breaks up starch ii. Mucous cells produce mucus – lubrication during swallowing

11. B.Esophagus Brings food from the mouth to the stomach *10 inches long

12. C. Stomach 1. J-shaped pouch like organ that helps digest food even further 2. Stomach Muscles: are layered to promote a mixing of stomach juices a.Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food PEPSIN - most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food

13. Stomach Lining 3. is a mucous membrane that prevents the stomach from digesting itself

14. D. PANCREAS 1.Secretes Pancreatic Juice a. Pancreatic Juice breaks down fat, breaks down nucleic acid into nucleotides

15. E. Liver 1.Produces bile a. Bile aids in digestion, bile salts break down fat globules into smaller droplets – emulsification

16. F. Gall Bladder - under liver 1. Stores Bile

17. G. Small Intestine 1. *7 meters long (22 feet) a. absorbs nutrients from food and brings them to the blood.

18. Greater Omentum a "curtain-like" membrane that covers the intestines, stores fat and lays like a drape

19. H. Intestinal villi - increase surface area to absorb nutrients, connect to vessels

20. I. Large Intestine 1.re-absorbs water and passes along material that was not digested; contains intestinal flora (bacteria to break down cellulose and produce intestinal gas)

22. Types 1–2 indicate constipation. constipation with 3 and 4 being the ideal stools and 5, 6 and 7 tending towards diarrhea. diarrhea

23. Which meal would take the longest to digest?

24. Disorders of the Digestive System GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease

25. Crampy abdominal pain Fatigue Loss of appetite Pain with passing stool (tenesmus); bloody stool Persistent, watery diarrhea Weight loss Constipation

26. STOMACH ULCERS

27. Lactose Intolerance Inability to digest milk, can cause stomach upset

28. When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi Without healthy villi, a person becomes malnourished, no matter how much food one eats.

29. GallstonesGallstones are made from cholesterol and other things found in the bile.cholesterol