1. INFLAMMATION PLASMA PROTEIN–DERIVED MEDIATORS Of Inflammation

2. PLASMA PROTEIN–DERIVED MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION 4 types Complement KininFibrinolytic Coagulation

3. DEFINITION Any messenger that acts on blood vessels, inflammatory cells or other cells to contribute to an inflammatory response.

4.  PLASMA-DERIVED MEDIATORS :  PLASMA-DERIVED MEDIATORS ( PLASMA PROTEASES ) 4 INTERRELATED SYSTEMS ARE ACTIVE WITHIN THIS CATEGORY : * COMPLEMENT SYSTEM. * KININ SYSTEM. * CLOTTING SYSTEM. * FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM. All of these systems are produce by the host ( Endogenous )

6. 1) THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM The complement system is a cascade system of enzymatic proteins

7. Q: What does complement do? The most important function of complement is the elimination of pathogens and harmful antigens.

8. AACTIVATION THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM. IT CAN BE ACTIVATED DURING THE ACUTE INFLAMMATORY REACTION IN SEVERAL WAYS: In tissue injury, enzymes capable of activating complement are released from injured cells. During infection, the formation of antigen-antibody complexes can activate complement via the classical pathway. The endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria activate complement via the alternative pathway. Carbohydrate molecules on the surface of infectious agents activate complement by the "Lectin Pathway". Products of the kinin, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems can activate complement.

9. THE PRODUCTS OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION MOST IMPORTANT IN ACUTE INFLAMMATION INCLUDE: C5a: chemotactic for neutrophils; increases vascular permeability; releases histamine from mast cells C3a: similar properties to those of C5a, but less active C56789: cytolytic activity (membrane attack complex) C3b: opsonization of bacteria (facilitates phagocytosis by macrophages).

10. 2 ) THE KININ SYSTEM The kinins are peptides of 9-11 amino acids

11. Bradykinin is also a chemical mediator of pain, a cardinal feature of acute inflammation. the most important vascular permeability factor is bradykinin. The kinin system is activated by coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor).

15. 3) COAGULATION SYSTEM The coagulation system is responsible for the conversion of soluble fibrinogen into fibrin, a major component of the acute inflammatory exudate.

16.  Coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor), once activated by contact with extracellular materials such as basal lamina, and various proteolytic enzymes of bacterial origin, can activate the coagulation, kinin and fibrinolytic systems.

18. 4 ) FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM Plasmin is responsible for the Iysis of fibrin into fibrin degradation products, which may have local effects on vascular permeability (increases vascular permeability).

19. KHALID IBRAHIM BAHNI AL-SHIKHY I.D No. : 431801993