1. Southeast Asia, Oceania, & Antarctica Chapter 30 Physical Geography

2. Southeast Asia: Mainland & Islands Mainland SE Asia lies on two peninsulasMainland SE Asia lies on two peninsulas Indochinese Peninsula – rectangular shapeIndochinese Peninsula – rectangular shape Malay Peninsula – narrow strip of land about 700 miles long, serves as a bridge from the Mainland and the islandsMalay Peninsula – narrow strip of land about 700 miles long, serves as a bridge from the Mainland and the islands

4. SE Asia Most of the islands are found in archipelagoesMost of the islands are found in archipelagoes The Philippines and the islands of Indonesia are part of the Malay ArchipelagoThe Philippines and the islands of Indonesia are part of the Malay Archipelago

5. The Philippines - made up of 7,100-plus islands

6. SE Asia - Mountains Annamese Cordillera – run north to south on the MainlandAnnamese Cordillera – run north to south on the Mainland On the islands, most of the mountains are volcanic (Ring of Fire)On the islands, most of the mountains are volcanic (Ring of Fire)

7. SE Asia - Rivers Mekong River – starts in China and runs through several SE nations, forms a wide delta on Vietnam’s coastMekong River – starts in China and runs through several SE nations, forms a wide delta on Vietnam’s coast Millions rely on the Mekong for fishing and farmingMillions rely on the Mekong for fishing and farming

8. Mekong River - Thailand

9. Mekong River in Cambodia – known for endangered giant catfish (can grow up to 10 feet long)

10. SE Asia – Natural Resources Fertile soil due to volcanic activity and floodingFertile soil due to volcanic activity and flooding Fishing in the rivers and nearby seasFishing in the rivers and nearby seas PetroleumPetroleum TinTin GemsGems

11. Australia: Continent & Country MountainsMountains Great Dividing RangeGreat Dividing Range Run along the eastern coastRun along the eastern coast Central LowlandsCentral Lowlands PasturelandPastureland Underground water called the Artesian waters are pressurized and rise to the surface into ranchers’ wells without any pumpingUnderground water called the Artesian waters are pressurized and rise to the surface into ranchers’ wells without any pumping

12. Great Dividing Range

13. Australia Western PlateauWestern Plateau Covers nearly 2/3rds of AustraliaCovers nearly 2/3rds of Australia Called “The Outback”Called “The Outback” 3 deserts cover much of the region3 deserts cover much of the region Great Sandy, Great Victoria, GibsonGreat Sandy, Great Victoria, Gibson Mammoth rock formationsMammoth rock formations

14. The Outback

15. Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, is a large sandstone rock formation in the Outback

16. Gibson Desert

17. Wildlife – Kangaroo

18. Wildlife - Emu

19. Wildlife – Koala

20. Wildlife – Dingo

21. Wildlife – Platypus

22. Wildlife – Saltwater Crocodile

23. Crocodile Farm in Australia

24. Australia Great Barrier ReefGreat Barrier Reef Off of the northeastern coastOff of the northeastern coast Made of coral formed by the limestone skeletons of tiny sea animalsMade of coral formed by the limestone skeletons of tiny sea animals Long strip of coral-covered land that is home to an array of brilliantly colored fish & underwater creaturesLong strip of coral-covered land that is home to an array of brilliantly colored fish & underwater creatures

25. Great Barrier Reef

28. Australia Natural ResourcesNatural Resources 10% of the land is arable10% of the land is arable One of the world’s leading producers of wheat, cattle, & sheepOne of the world’s leading producers of wheat, cattle, & sheep One of the world’s leading exporters of beef, mutton, lamb, & woolOne of the world’s leading exporters of beef, mutton, lamb, & wool Uranium, bauxite, iron ore, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc, gold, silver, diamonds, & opalsUranium, bauxite, iron ore, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, zinc, gold, silver, diamonds, & opals

29. Oceania: Island Lands Divided into 3 major island groups based on location, how the islands were formed, & the culture of its inhabitantsDivided into 3 major island groups based on location, how the islands were formed, & the culture of its inhabitants Melanesia – north & east of AustraliaMelanesia – north & east of Australia Micronesia – north of Melanesia & south of JapanMicronesia – north of Melanesia & south of Japan Polynesia – from Midway island in the north to New Zealand in the southPolynesia – from Midway island in the north to New Zealand in the south

30. Fiji – part of Melanesia

31. Guam (U.S. territory) – part of Micronesia

32. French Polynesia

33. Oceania High IslandsHigh Islands Formed as a result of colliding tectonic platesFormed as a result of colliding tectonic plates Part of the Ring of Fire known for its earthquake & volcanic activityPart of the Ring of Fire known for its earthquake & volcanic activity

34. Ring of Fire

35. Oceania Low IslandsLow Islands Began as the result of volcanic eruptionsBegan as the result of volcanic eruptions Coral has grown along the rim of an underwater volcano, creating a ring- shaped island called an atollCoral has grown along the rim of an underwater volcano, creating a ring- shaped island called an atoll At the center is a shallow lagoonAt the center is a shallow lagoon Low-lying so waves wash them in & out of viewLow-lying so waves wash them in & out of view Little soil & few natural resourcesLittle soil & few natural resources

36. Atoll in the Pacific Ocean

37. Oceania Continental IslandsContinental Islands Made of rock that has risen from continental shelves on the ocean floorMade of rock that has risen from continental shelves on the ocean floor Not formed by volcanoes, but many have active volcanoesNot formed by volcanoes, but many have active volcanoes Mineral found on the islands include oil, gold, nickel, & copperMineral found on the islands include oil, gold, nickel, & copper

38. New Zealand Located 1,200 miles southeast of AustraliaLocated 1,200 miles southeast of Australia A group of mountainous islandsA group of mountainous islands North IslandNorth Island Center of the island is a plateau of volcanic stone crossed by a chain of volcanic peaks (active)Center of the island is a plateau of volcanic stone crossed by a chain of volcanic peaks (active) Freshwater lakesFreshwater lakes Hills – sheep & dairy cattleHills – sheep & dairy cattle South IslandSouth Island Dominated by Southern AlpsDominated by Southern Alps

39. Lake Taupo – North Island

40. Southern Alps – South Island

41. New Zealand Natural ResourcesNatural Resources Fast-flowing rivers – hydroelectric powerFast-flowing rivers – hydroelectric power Steam from volcanic hot water – geothermal energySteam from volcanic hot water – geothermal energy CoalCoal Natural gasNatural gas Exporter of sheep & wool productsExporter of sheep & wool products Pine forestsPine forests Pacific Ocean fishPacific Ocean fish

42. Antarctica: A White Plateau Twice the size of AustraliaTwice the size of Australia Ice, as much as 2 miles thick in some places, covers about 95% of the continentIce, as much as 2 miles thick in some places, covers about 95% of the continent Transantarctic Mountains & Antarctic Peninsula divide the continent into two regionsTransantarctic Mountains & Antarctic Peninsula divide the continent into two regions East – high, flat plateauEast – high, flat plateau West – land is mostly below sea levelWest – land is mostly below sea level

43. Antarctica Greatest resource – the scientists who conduct research thereGreatest resource – the scientists who conduct research there Research weather patterns & observe the sun & stars without obstructionResearch weather patterns & observe the sun & stars without obstruction Also look at the effect of human industrialization on the Earth’s ozone layerAlso look at the effect of human industrialization on the Earth’s ozone layer Mineral resourcesMineral resources Wealth of sea resources – krill (may one day help feed the world’s hungry)Wealth of sea resources – krill (may one day help feed the world’s hungry)

44. Lake Fryxell

45. Transantarctic Mountains

46. Emperor penguins - Ross Sea, Antarctica

47. Research Station

48. American researchers in Antarctica. American researchers in Antarctica.

49. Climate & Vegetation AustraliaAustralia Desert – moisture is blocked by subtropical high-pressure air massesDesert – moisture is blocked by subtropical high-pressure air masses Steppe – surrounds the desert, wet & dry season, acacia & eucalyptus trees dominate the landscapeSteppe – surrounds the desert, wet & dry season, acacia & eucalyptus trees dominate the landscape Coasts – southern coasts have a Mediterranean climate, the northeast have a humid subtropical climate, & the southeast have a marine west coast climateCoasts – southern coasts have a Mediterranean climate, the northeast have a humid subtropical climate, & the southeast have a marine west coast climate

50. Eucalyptus Trees

51. Climate & Vegetation OceaniaOceania North of the Tropic of CapricornNorth of the Tropic of Capricorn Tropical rain forest climateTropical rain forest climate Wet & dry seasons (makes agriculture difficult)Wet & dry seasons (makes agriculture difficult) Risk of typhoonsRisk of typhoons

52. Climate & Vegetation New ZealandNew Zealand Marine west coast, except in the mountain regionsMarine west coast, except in the mountain regions Rain throughout the year & mild temperaturesRain throughout the year & mild temperatures

53. Climate & Vegetation AntarcticaAntarctica One of the coldest places on EarthOne of the coldest places on Earth Also, one of the highest & driest continentsAlso, one of the highest & driest continents Plateau is drier than Australia’s desertsPlateau is drier than Australia’s deserts Dryness makes the air colderDryness makes the air colder During the long winter, temperatures may drop to -100°FDuring the long winter, temperatures may drop to -100°F

54. Climate & Vegetation AntarcticaAntarctica Ice is always moving, inching slowly toward the oceanIce is always moving, inching slowly toward the ocean In the warmer, moister parts of the continent, it moves more quickly, often breaking into piecesIn the warmer, moister parts of the continent, it moves more quickly, often breaking into pieces Between the pieces, huge cracks called crevasses developBetween the pieces, huge cracks called crevasses develop A small area lies in the tundra climate zone – temps may reach almost 60° F & mosses & lichens are able to growA small area lies in the tundra climate zone – temps may reach almost 60° F & mosses & lichens are able to grow

55. Antarctica The bottom of a crevasse.